USA
Canada
United States of America
Washington DC
Law and Practice Contributed by: Eric Bruce and Justin Simeone Freshfields US LLP
Mexico
Contents 1. Legal Framework p.291 1.1 International Conventions p.291 1.2 National Legislation p.291 1.3 Guidelines for the Interpretation and Enforcement of National Legislation p.291 1.4 Recent Key Amendments to National Legislation p.291 2. Bribery and Corruption Elements p.291 2.1 Bribery p.291 2.2 Influence-Peddling p.294 2.3 Financial Record-Keeping p.294 2.4 Public Officials p.294 2.5 Intermediaries p.295 2.6 Lobbyists p.295 3. Scope of Application p.295 3.1 Limitation Period p.295 3.2 Geographical Reach of Applicable Legislation p.295 3.3 Corporate Liability p.297 4. Defences and Exceptions p.298 4.1 Defences p.298 4.2 Exceptions p.298 4.3 De Minimis Exceptions p.298 4.4 Exempt Sectors/Industries p.298 4.5 Safe Harbour or Amnesty Programme p.298
6. Disclosure Processes p.300 6.1 Disclosure Obligations p.300 6.2 Voluntary Disclosure Incentives p.300 6.3 Self-Disclosure Procedures p.301
6.4 Protections Afforded to Whistle-Blowers p.301 6.5 Incentives Provided to Whistle-Blowers p.301 7. Enforcement Trends p.302 7.1 Enforcement p.302 7.2 Enforcement Bodies p.302 7.3 Jurisdictional Reach of Enforcement Bodies p.303 7.4 Discretion for Mitigation and Aggravation p.303 7.5 Recent Landmark Investigations or Decisions p.304 7.6 Level of Sanctions Imposed p.304 8. Compliance Expectations p.305 8.1 Compliance Obligations p.305 8.2 Compliance Guidelines and Best Practices p.305 8.3 Compliance Monitorships p.305 9. Assessment p.305 9.1 Assessment of the Applicable Enforced Legislation p.305 9.2 Likely Changes to the Applicable Legislation of the Enforcement Body p.306
5. Penalties for Violations p.298 5.1 Penalties on Conviction p.298 5.2 Guidelines Applicable to the Assessment of Penalties p.299
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