JAPAN
Russia
China
N. Korea
Japan
S. Korea
Law and Practice Contributed by: Koki Yanagisawa Nagashima Ohno & Tsunematsu
Tokyo
Contents 1. Introduction p.99 1.1 Current Framework for Private Antitrust Litigation p.99 1.2 Recent Developments p.99 2. Private Antitrust Claims: Basis and Procedure p.99 2.1 Statutory Basis p.99 2.2 Courts p.100 2.3 Impact of Competition Authorities p.101 2.4 Proof p.101 2.5 Pass-On Defence p.102 3. Limitation Periods and the Duration of Litigation p.102 3.1 Statute of Limitations p.102 3.2 Typical Length of Private Antitrust Litigation p.102 4. Class and Collective Actions p.102 4.1 Statutory Basis p.102 4.2 Opting In or Out p.103 4.3 Direct/Indirect Purchasers p.103 4.4 Class Certification p.103 5. Choice of Jurisdiction p.103 5.1 Rules on Jurisdiction and Applicable Law p.103 6. Disclosure/Discovery p.104 6.1 Disclosure/Discovery Procedure p.104 6.2 Legal Professional Privilege p.105
8. Damages p.106 8.1 Damages: Assessment, Passing On and Interest p.106 9. Liability and Contribution p.107 9.1 Joint and Several Liability p.107 9.2 Contribution p.107 10. Other Remedies p.107 10.1 Injunctions p.107 10.2 Alternative Dispute Resolution p.108 11. Funding and Costs p.108 11.1 Litigation Funding p.108 11.2 Costs p.108 12. Appeals p.109 12.1 Basis of Appeal p.109 13. Looking Forward p.109 13.1 Legislative Trends and Other Developments p.109
6.3 Leniency and Settlement Agreements p.105 7. Witness and Expert Opinions p.105 7.1 Witness Procedure p.105 7.2 Expert Witness Role and Procedure p.106
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