PORTUGAL Law and Practice Contributed by: José Luís da Cruz Vilaça and Mariana Tavares Antas da Cunha Ecija
Portugal
Spain
Lisbon
Contents 1. Introduction P.123 1.1 Current Framework for Private Antitrust Litigation p.123 1.2 Recent Developments p.123 2. Private Antitrust Claims: Basis and Procedure P.124 2.1 Statutory Basis p.124 2.2 Courts p.125 2.3 Impact of Competition Authorities p.125 2.4 Proof p.126 2.5 Pass-On Defence p.126 3. Limitation Periods and the Duration of Litigation P.126 3.1 Statute of Limitations p.126 3.2 Typical Length of Private Antitrust Litigation p.127 4. Class and Collective Actions P.127 4.1 Statutory Basis p.127 4.2 Opting In or Out p.127 4.3 Direct/Indirect Purchasers p.127 4.4 Class Certification p.127 5. Choice of Jurisdiction P.128 5.1 Rules on Jurisdiction and Applicable Law p.128 6. Disclosure/Discovery P.128 6.1 Disclosure/Discovery Procedure p.128 6.2 Legal Professional Privilege p.128 6.3 Leniency and Settlement Agreements p.129
7. Witness and Expert Opinions P.129 7.1 Witness Procedure p.129 7.2 Expert Witness Role and Procedure p.129 8. Damages P.129 8.1 Damages: Assessment, Passing On and Interest p.129 9. Liability and Contribution P.130 9.1 Joint and Several Liability p.130 9.2 Contribution p.130 10. Other Remedies P.130 10.1 Injunctions p.130 10.2 Alternative Dispute Resolution p.131 11. Funding and Costs P.131 11.1 Litigation Funding p.131 11.2 Costs p.131 12. Appeals P.132 12.1 Basis of Appeal p.132 13. Looking Forward P.132 13.1 Legislative Trends and Other Developments p.132
121 A NTITRUST LI T IGATI O N 2026
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