ROMANIA Law and Practice Contributed by: Carina Vermeșan and Vincențiu Constantin Andronic and Partners Contents 1. Dispute Resolution Methods p.464 1.1 Main Dispute Resolution Methods p.464 1.2 Choice of Dispute Resolution Method p.464 1.3 Key Dispute Resolution Trends p.464 2. Litigation p.464 2.1 Limitation Periods p.464 2.2 Court Structure p.465 2.3 Pre-Action Conduct p.465 2.4 Stages of Court Proceedings p.465
Ukraine
Slovakia
Moldova
Hungary
Romania
Bucharest
Serbia
Bulgaria
6. Interim Remedies p.469 6.1 Availability of Interim Relief p.469 6.2 Interim Relief to Support Arbitration and ADR p.469 6.3 Timing of Applications for Interim Relief p.470 6.4 Security for Costs p.470 6.5 Interim Injunctions p.470 6.6 Summary Judgment p.470 7. Mass Claims and Class Actions p.470 7.1 Procedural Mechanisms p.470 7.2 Standing Requirements p.470 7.3 Relief p.470 7.4 Class Actions, Mass Claims and Arbitration p.470 7.5 Trends p.470
2.5 Confidentiality p.465 2.6 Interim Relief p.465
2.7 Final Relief p.466 2.8 Damages p.466 3. Arbitration p.466 3.1 Prevalence p.466 3.2 Restrictions on Use of Arbitration p.466 3.3 Advantages of Arbitration p.466 3.4 Disadvantages of Arbitration p.467 3.5 Arbitral Institutions p.467 3.6 Length of Proceedings p.467 3.7 Regulation of Arbitration p.467 3.8 Court Powers p.467 3.9 Court Intervention p.467 3.10 Relief p.468 4. Other ADR Methods p.468 4.1 ADR Procedures p.468 4.2 Requirements to Engage in ADR p.468 4.3 Impact of ADR p.468 4.4 Timing of ADR p.468 4.5 Confidentiality p.468 4.6 Costs p.468 4.7 Courts and ADR p.468 5. Costs, Fees and Funding p.469 5.1 Legal Fees p.469 5.2 Third-Party Funding p.469 5.3 Contingency Fee Arrangement p.469 5.4 Insurance p.469 5.5 Costs p.469 5.6 Assessment of Costs p.469
8. Evidence p.471 8.1 Disclosure p.471 8.2 Privilege p.471 8.3 Confidentiality p.471 8.4 Witness Evidence p.471 8.5 Expert Evidence p.471 9. Enforcement p.472
9.1 Enforcement of Judgments p.472 9.2 Enforcement of Arbitral Awards p.472 9.3 Length of Time p.472 9.4 Grounds for Resisting Enforcement p.472 10. Dispute Resolution and AI p.472 10.1 Regulation p.472
10.2 Impact p.473 10.3 Future p.473
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