DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
Dominican Republic Santo Domingo
Cuba
Haiti
Law and Practice Contributed by: Guillermo Estrella Ramia, Yamel Llenas Lajud, Mariela Santos Jiménez and Valentina Gallo Botero Estrella & Tupete Contents 1. Regulatory Framework and Law p.165 1.1 Environmental Protection Policies, Principles and Laws p.165 2. Enforcement Authorities and Mechanisms p.166 2.1 Regulatory Authorities p.166 2.2 Co-Operation p.166 3. Environmental Protections p.167 3.1 Protection of Environmental Assets p.167 3.2 Breaching Protections p.167 4. Environmental Incidents and Permits p.168 4.1 Investigative and Access Powers p.168 4.2 Environmental Permits/Approvals p.168 4.3 Regulators’ Approach to Policy and Enforcement p.169 4.4 Transferring Permits/Approvals p.169 4.5 Consequences of Breaching Permits/Approvals p.170 5. Environmental Liability p.170 5.1 Key Types of Liability p.170 5.2 Liability for Historical Environmental Incidents or Damage p.171 5.3 Key Defences p.171 6. Corporate Liability p.171 6.1 Liability for Environmental Damage or Breaches of Environmental Law p.171 6.2 Environmental Taxes p.172 6.3 Incentives, Exemptions and Penalties p.172 6.4 Shareholder or Parent Company Liability p.172
Puerto Rico
10. Civil Liability p.174 10.1 Civil Claims p.174 10.2 Exemplary or Punitive Damages p.175 10.3 Class or Group Actions p.175 10.4 Landmark Cases p.175 11. Contractual Agreements p.175 11.1 Transferring or Apportioning Liability p.175 12. Contaminated Land p.176 12.1 Key Laws Governing Contaminated Land p.176 12.2 Clearing Contaminated Land p.176 12.3 Determining Liability p.176 12.4 Proceedings Against Polluters p.176 12.5 Investigating Environmental Accidents p.177 13. Climate Change and Emissions Trading p.177 13.1 Key Policies, Principles and Laws p.177 13.2 Targets to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions p.178 14. Asbestos and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) p.178 14.1 Key Policies, Principles and Laws Relating to Asbestos and PCBs p.178 15. Waste p.178 15.1 Key Laws and Regulatory Controls p.178 15.2 Retention of Environmental Liability p.179 15.3 Circular Economy Requirements p.179 15.4 Rights and Obligations Applicable to Waste Operators p.179 16. Environmental Disclosure and Information p.180 16.1 Disclosure and Reporting Requirements p.180 16.2 Public Environmental Information p.180 16.3 Corporate Disclosure Requirement p.180 16.4 Green Finance p.181 17. Transactions p.181 17.1 Environmental Due Diligence p.181 17.2 Disclosure of Environmental Information p.181 17.3 Key Issues in Environmental Due Diligence p.182
6.5 ESG Requirements p.172 6.6 Environmental Audits p.173 7. Personal Liability p.173 7.1 Directors and Other Officers p.173 8. Insurance p.173 8.1 Environmental Insurance p.173 9. Lender Liability p.174 9.1 Financial Institutions/Lenders p.174 9.2 Lender Protection p.174
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