FRANCE Law and Practice Contributed by:
Belgium
Germany
Paris
France
Switzerland
Italy
Spain
Carine Le Roy-Gleizes, Corentin Chevallier, Alice Messin-Roizard and Antoine Juquin UGGC Avocats
Contents 1. Regulatory Framework and Law p.215 1.1 Environmental Protection Policies, Principles and Laws p.215 2. Enforcement Authorities and Mechanisms p.215 2.1 Regulatory Authorities p.215 2.2 Co-Operation p.216 3. Environmental Protections p.216 3.1 Protection of Environmental Assets p.216 3.2 Breaching Protections p.216 4. Environmental Incidents and Permits p.216 4.1 Investigative and Access Powers p.216 4.2 Environmental Permits/Approvals p.217 4.3 Regulators’ Approach to Policy and Enforcement p.218 4.4 Transferring Permits/Approvals p.218 4.5 Consequences of Breaching Permits/Approvals p.219 5. Environmental Liability p.219 5.1 Key Types of Liability p.219 5.2 Liability for Historical Environmental Incidents or Damage p.220 5.3 Key Defences p.220 6. Corporate Liability p.220 6.1 Liability for Environmental Damage or Breaches of Environmental Law p.220 6.2 Environmental Taxes p.221 6.3 Incentives, Exemptions and Penalties p.221 6.4 Shareholder or Parent Company Liability p.222
10. Civil Liability p.223 10.1 Civil Claims p.223 10.2 Exemplary or Punitive Damages p.224 10.3 Class or Group Actions p.224 10.4 Landmark Cases p.224 11. Contractual Agreements p.224 11.1 Transferring or Apportioning Liability p.224 12. Contaminated Land p.224 12.1 Key Laws Governing Contaminated Land p.224 12.2 Clearing Contaminated Land p.225 12.3 Determining Liability p.225 12.4 Proceedings Against Polluters p.225 12.5 Investigating Environmental Accidents p.225 13. Climate Change and Emissions Trading p.226 13.1 Key Policies, Principles and Laws p.226 13.2 Targets to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions p.226 14. Asbestos and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) p.227 14.1 Key Policies, Principles and Laws Relating to Asbestos and PCBs p.227 15. Waste p.227 15.1 Key Laws and Regulatory Controls p.227 15.2 Retention of Environmental Liability p.227 15.3 Circular Economy Requirements p.228 15.4 Rights and Obligations Applicable to Waste Operators p.228 16. Environmental Disclosure and Information p.228 16.1 Disclosure and Reporting Requirements p.228 16.2 Public Environmental Information p.229 16.3 Corporate Disclosure Requirement p.229 16.4 Green Finance p.229 17. Transactions p.230 17.1 Environmental Due Diligence p.230 17.2 Disclosure of Environmental Information p.230 17.3 Key Issues in Environmental Due Diligence p.230
6.5 ESG Requirements p.222 6.6 Environmental Audits p.222 7. Personal Liability p.222 7.1 Directors and Other Officers p.222 8. Insurance p.223 8.1 Environmental Insurance p.223 9. Lender Liability p.223 9.1 Financial Institutions/Lenders p.223 9.2 Lender Protection p.223
213 CHAMBERS.COM
Powered by FlippingBook