NORWAY Law and Practice Contributed by: Elise Johansen, Tonje Hagen Geiran and Lene Marita Berg Hermann, Wikborg Rein Advokatfirma AS
nologies. Carbon taxes and emissions trading create economic incentives for emission reductions. National policies are further guided by international commit- ments under the Paris Agreement (see 13.2 Targets to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions ). 13.2 Targets to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions The document “Climate Status and Plan” summa- rises the government’s climate policy, and serves as the government’s annual report on the information required by the Climate Change Act. Norway’s NDCs Norway’s climate policy is based on the objective of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement. Norway has several climate targets, both under the Paris Agreement and within a domestic context, forming the basis for poli- cies and measures. Norway’s nationally determined contribution (NDC) is to reduce emissions by at least 55% by 2030 com- pared to 1990. This NDC target is included in the Norwegian Climate Change Act. It is also a target to become a low-emission society by 2050 and reduce emissions by 90–95% compared to 1990. This target is also included in the Norwegian Climate Change Act. Recently, Norway also submitted its NDC for 2035 under the Paris Agreement, which is to reduce emis- sions by at least 70–75% compared to 1990 levels. Targets Under the EU Co-Operation Agreement Norway entered into an agreement with the EU in 2019 to co-operate to fulfil their respective climate targets for 2030. Under the agreement, Norway will take part in EU climate legislation from 2021 to 2030. The EU’s climate policy has three main pillars. The first pillar of EU’s climate policy consists of EU ETS. The sec- ond pillar of EU climate policy deals with emissions not covered by the EU ETS, but by the effort shar- ing regulation (ESR), mainly covering emissions from transport, agriculture, buildings and waste. Norway’s current target for the ESR emissions under its agree- ment with the EU is a 40% reduction by 2030 com- pared with the 2005 level, however this target might be revised (reinforced). The third pillar of EU climate policy covers the LULUCF sector, addressing human-
caused greenhouse gas emissions and removals from land use, land-use change and forestry.
14. Asbestos and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) 14.1 Key Policies, Principles and Laws Relating to Asbestos and PCBs The key Norwegian laws relating to asbestos and PCBs are as follows: • Working Environment Act ( Arbeidsmiljøloven ); • Regulation on Action Values and Limit Values ( For- skrift om tiltaks- og grenseverdier ); • Regulation on the Performance of Work ( Forskrif om utførelse av arbeid ); • Product Regulation ( Produktforskriften ); and • REACH Regulation ( REACH-forskriften ). Generally, the use and handling of asbestos and asbestos-containing materials are prohibited, and any business undertaking work involving asbestos must obtain a permit from the Norwegian Labour Inspec- tion Authority. 15. Waste 15.1 Key Laws and Regulatory Controls The key Norwegian legislation for waste management is as follows: • Pollution Control Act ( Forurensningsloven ); • Regulation relating to Waste ( Avfallsforskriften ); • Pollution Regulation ( Forurensningsforskriften ); and • Product Control Act ( Produktkontrolloven ). The waste hierarchy is key in these legislations, pri- oritising reduction, reuse and recycling over disposal. Regarding responsibility, municipalities are responsi- ble for the management of household waste, whereas undertakings are required to manage their own waste in a responsible manner and in accordance with appli- cable legal provisions.
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