SINGAPORE
Malaysia
Singapore
Law and Practice Contributed by: Joseph Chun Shook Lin & Bok LLP
Indonesia
Contents 1. Regulatory Framework and Law p.379 1.1 Environmental Protection Policies, Principles and Laws p.379 2. Enforcement Authorities and Mechanisms p.380 2.1 Regulatory Authorities p.380 2.2 Co-Operation p.380 3. Environmental Protections p.380 3.1 Protection of Environmental Assets p.380 3.2 Breaching Protections p.381 4. Environmental Incidents and Permits p.381 4.1 Investigative and Access Powers p.381 4.2 Environmental Permits/Approvals p.381 4.3 Regulators’ Approach to Policy and Enforcement p.382 4.4 Transferring Permits/Approvals p.382 4.5 Consequences of Breaching Permits/Approvals p.382 5. Environmental Liability p.383 5.1 Key Types of Liability p.383 5.2 Liability for Historical Environmental Incidents or Damage p.383 5.3 Key Defences p.383 6. Corporate Liability p.383 6.1 Liability for Environmental Damage or Breaches of Environmental Law p.383 6.2 Environmental Taxes p.384 6.3 Incentives, Exemptions and Penalties p.384 6.4 Shareholder or Parent Company Liability p.384
10. Civil Liability p.386 10.1 Civil Claims p.386 10.2 Exemplary or Punitive Damages p.387 10.3 Class or Group Actions p.387 10.4 Landmark Cases p.387 11. Contractual Agreements p.387 11.1 Transferring or Apportioning Liability p.387 12. Contaminated Land p.388 12.1 Key Laws Governing Contaminated Land p.388 12.2 Clearing Contaminated Land p.388 12.3 Determining Liability p.388 12.4 Proceedings Against Polluters p.389 12.5 Investigating Environmental Accidents p.389 13. Climate Change and Emissions Trading p.390 13.1 Key Policies, Principles and Laws p.390 13.2 Targets to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions p.390 14. Asbestos and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) p.390 14.1 Key Policies, Principles and Laws Relating to Asbestos and PCBs p.390 15. Waste p.391 15.1 Key Laws and Regulatory Controls p.391 15.2 Retention of Environmental Liability p.391 15.3 Circular Economy Requirements p.391 15.4 Rights and Obligations Applicable to Waste Operators p.392 16. Environmental Disclosure and Information p.392 16.1 Disclosure and Reporting Requirements p.392 16.2 Public Environmental Information p.394 16.3 Corporate Disclosure Requirement p.394 16.4 Green Finance p.394 17. Transactions p.395 17.1 Environmental Due Diligence p.395 17.2 Disclosure of Environmental Information p.395 17.3 Key Issues in Environmental Due Diligence p.395
6.5 ESG Requirements p.384 6.6 Environmental Audits p.385 7. Personal Liability p.385 7.1 Directors and Other Officers p.385 8. Insurance p.386 8.1 Environmental Insurance p.386 9. Lender Liability p.386 9.1 Financial Institutions/Lenders p.386 9.2 Lender Protection p.386
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