CHINA
Law and Practice Contributed by: Rongliang Wu, Mei Wan, Qirong Huang and Xueqi Huang Jin Mao Law Firm
Contents 1. Regulatory Framework and Law p.80 1.1 Environmental Protection Policies, Principles and Laws p.80 2. Enforcement Authorities and Mechanisms p.81 2.1 Regulatory Authorities p.81 2.2 Co-Operation p.82 3. Environmental Protections p.82 3.1 Protection of Environmental Assets p.82 3.2 Breaching Protections p.83 4. Environmental Incidents and Permits p.83 4.1 Investigative and Access Powers p.83 4.2 Environmental Permits/Approvals p.83 4.3 Regulators’ Approach to Policy and Enforcement p.84 4.4 Transferring Permits/Approvals p.84 4.5 Consequences of Breaching Permits/Approvals p.84 5. Environmental Liability p.84 5.1 Key Types of Liability p.84 5.2 Liability for Historical Environmental Incidents or Damage p.85 5.3 Key Defences p.85 6. Corporate Liability p.86 6.1 Liability for Environmental Damage or Breaches of Environmental Law p.86 6.2 Environmental Taxes p.86 6.3 Incentives, Exemptions and Penalties p.86 6.4 Shareholder or Parent Company Liability p.87
10. Civil Liability p.89 10.1 Civil Claims p.89 10.2 Exemplary or Punitive Damages p.90 10.3 Class or Group Actions p.90 10.4 Landmark Cases p.90 11. Contractual Agreements p.90 11.1 Transferring or Apportioning Liability p.90 12. Contaminated Land p.91 12.1 Key Laws Governing Contaminated Land p.91 12.2 Clearing Contaminated Land p.91 12.3 Determining Liability p.91 12.4 Proceedings Against Polluters p.91 12.5 Investigating Environmental Accidents p.92 13. Climate Change and Emissions Trading p.92 13.1 Key Policies, Principles and Laws p.92 13.2 Targets to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions p.92 14. Asbestos and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) p.92 14.1 Key Policies, Principles and Laws Relating to Asbestos and PCBs p.92 15. Waste p.93
15.1 Key Laws and Regulatory Controls p.93 15.2 Retention of Environmental Liability p.93 15.3 Circular Economy Requirements p.93
15.4 Rights and Obligations Applicable to Waste Operators p.94 16. Environmental Disclosure and Information p.94 16.1 Disclosure and Reporting Requirements p.94
6.5 ESG Requirements p.87 6.6 Environmental Audits p.88 7. Personal Liability p.88 7.1 Directors and Other Officers p.88 8. Insurance p.89 8.1 Environmental Insurance p.89 9. Lender Liability p.89 9.1 Financial Institutions/Lenders p.89 9.2 Lender Protection p.89
16.2 Public Environmental Information p.94 16.3 Corporate Disclosure Requirement p.95 16.4 Green Finance p.95 17. Transactions p.95 17.1 Environmental Due Diligence p.95 17.2 Disclosure of Environmental Information p.95 17.3 Key Issues in Environmental Due Diligence p.96
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