USA
Canada
United States of America
Washington DC
Law and Practice Contributed by: John D. O’Neill, Jr., David B. Horner, Andrej Micovic and Ryan Pedraza Hunton Andrews Kurth LLP
Mexico
Contents 1. Market Overview p.27
8. Environmental Regulation and Decarbonisation p.36 8.1 Emissions Standards p.36 8.2 Electrification and Alternative Fuels p.36 8.3 Environmental Permitting p.36 8.4 Carbon Pricing and Reporting p.37 8.5 Environmental Review in Regulation p.37 8.6 Enforcement and Liability p.37 9. Safety and Technical Standards p.37 9.1 Safety Regime p.37 9.2 Accident Investigation p.37 9.3 Operator Obligations p.37 9.4 Technical Standards and Certification p.37
1.1 Market Developments and Outlook p.27 1.2 Investment and Infrastructure Activity p.27 1.3 Modal Shift and Supply Chain Developments p.28 2. Regulatory Framework p.28
2.1 Governing Legislation p.28 2.2 Regulatory Authorities p.29
2.3 Recent or Pending Reforms p.29 3. Licensing and Market Entry p.30
3.1 Operating Authorisations p.30 3.2 Qualification Requirements p.30 3.3 Cabotage and Cross-Border Operations p.30 3.4 Duration, Transfer and Revocation p.31 4. Infrastructure Ownership and Access p.31 4.1 Ownership Models p.31 4.2 Separation of Infrastructure and Operations p.31 4.3 Access Rights and Charges p.32 4.4 Toll Roads and Concessions p.32 4.5 Expansion and Upgrades p.32 5. Public Procurement and Concession Regimes p.33 5.1 Procurement Framework p.33 5.2 Tender Procedures p.33 5.3 Evaluation and Award Criteria p.33 5.4 Contract Duration and Termination p.33 5.5 Challenges and Remedies p.34 6. Financing and Investment Structures p.34 6.1 Infrastructure Financing p.34 6.2 Rolling Stock and Fleet Financing p.34 6.3 Leasing Structures p.35 6.4 Green and Sustainable Financing p.35 6.5 Government Support and Risk Allocation p.35 7. Competition and Antitrust p.35 7.1 Merger Control p.35 7.2 Access and Abuse of Dominance p.35 7.3 State Aid and Subsidies p.36 7.4 Vertical Integration p.36
9.5 Hazardous Materials p.37 9.6 Insurance and Liability p.37
10. Labour and Employment p.38 10.1 Sector-Specific Labour Rules p.38 10.2 Collective Bargaining p.38
10.3 Transfer of Undertakings p.38 10.4 Working Time and Safety p.38 10.5 Workforce Availability p.38 10.6 Industrial Action p.38 11. Rolling Stock, Fleet and Asset Regulation p.38 11.1 Approval and Registration p.38 11.2 Interoperability Standards p.38 11.3 Leasing and Repossession p.38 11.4 Maintenance and Inspection p.38 11.5 Emerging Technologies p.39 12. Digitalisation, Data and Cybersecurity p.39 12.3 Cybersecurity Obligations p.39 12.4 Smart Mobility Systems p.39 12.5 Data Ownership and Sharing p.39 13. International and Cross-Border Operations p.39 13.1 International Agreements p.39 12.1 Digital Platforms p.39 12.2 Data Protection p.39
13.2 Foreign Investment Restrictions p.39 13.3 Sanctions and Trade Controls p.39
24 CHAMBERS.COM
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