International Arbitration 2026

TURKEY

Russia

Black Sea

Bulgaria

Georgia

Ankara

Turkey

Law and Practice Contributed by: Selim Can Bilgin, Tolga Bayrak, H. Orhun Atalay and Arda Ömer Kasap Kabine Law Office

Syria

Iraq

Cyprus

Contents 1. General p.1021 1.1 Prevalence of Arbitration p.1021 1.2 Key Industries p.1021 1.3 Arbitration Institutions p.1022 1.4 National Courts p.1022 2. Governing Legislation p.1022 2.1 Governing Law p.1022 2.2 Changes to National Law p.1023 3. The Arbitration Agreement p.1023 3.1 Enforceability p.1023 3.2 Arbitrability p.1023 3.3 National Courts’ Approach p.1024 3.4 Validity p.1024 4. The Arbitral Tribunal p.1024 4.1 Limits on Selection p.1024 4.2 Default Procedures p.1025 4.3 Court Intervention p.1025 4.4 Challenge and Removal of Arbitrators p.1025 4.5 Arbitrator Requirements p.1025 5. Jurisdiction p.1026 5.1 Challenges to Jurisdiction p.1026 5.2 Circumstances for Court Intervention p.1026 5.3 Timing of Challenge p.1026 5.4 Standard of Judicial Review for Jurisdiction/ Admissibility p.1026 5.5 Breach of Arbitration Agreement p.1026 5.6 Jurisdiction Over Third Parties p.1026 6. Preliminary and Interim Relief p.1027

7. Procedure p.1028 7.1 Governing Rules p.1028 7.2 Procedural Steps p.1028 7.3 Powers and Duties of Arbitrators p.1028 7.4 Legal Representatives p.1028 8. Evidence p.1029 8.1 Collection and Submission of Evidence p.1029 8.2 Rules of Evidence p.1029 8.3 Powers of Compulsion p.1029 9. Confidentiality p.1029 9.1 Extent of Confidentiality p.1029 10. The Award p.1030 10.1 Legal Requirements p.1030 10.2 Types of Remedies p.1030 10.3 Recovering Interest and Legal Costs p.1030 11. Review of an Award p.1031 11.1 Grounds for Appeal p.1031 11.2 Excluding/Expanding the Scope of Appeal p.1031

11.3 Standard of Judicial Review p.1031 12. Enforcement of an Award p.1032 12.1 New York Convention p.1032 12.2 Enforcement Procedure p.1032 12.3 Approach of the Courts p.1032 13. Miscellaneous p.1033 13.1 Class Action or Group Arbitration p.1033 13.2 Ethical Codes p.1033 13.3 Third-Party Funding p.1033 13.4 Consolidation p.1033 13.5 Binding of Third Parties p.1033

6.1 Types of Relief p.1027 6.2 Role of Courts p.1027 6.3 Security for Costs p.1027

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