International Arbitration 2026

UK

The United Kingdom London

Ireland

Law and Practice Contributed by: Roger Gherson, Emma Anderson, Cong Gao, Elizaveta Rachkova and Galiya Mustafina Gherson Solicitors LLP Contents 1. General p.1081 1.1 Prevalence of Arbitration p.1081 1.2 Key Industries p.1081 1.3 Arbitration Institutions p.1081 1.4 National Courts p.1081 2. Governing Legislation p.1082 2.1 Governing Law p.1082 2.2 Changes to National Law p.1082 3. The Arbitration Agreement p.1082 3.1 Enforceability p.1082 3.2 Arbitrability p.1083 3.3 National Courts’ Approach p.1083 3.4 Validity p.1084 4. The Arbitral Tribunal p.1084 4.1 Limits on Selection p.1084 4.2 Default Procedures p.1084 4.3 Court Intervention p.1085 4.4 Challenge and Removal of Arbitrators p.1085 4.5 Arbitrator Requirements p.1085 5. Jurisdiction p.1086 5.1 Challenges to Jurisdiction p.1086 5.2 Circumstances for Court Intervention p.1086 5.3 Timing of Challenge p.1086 5.4 Standard of Judicial Review for Jurisdiction/ Admissibility p.1086 5.5 Breach of Arbitration Agreement p.1086 5.6 Jurisdiction Over Third Parties p.1087 6. Preliminary and Interim Relief p.1087

Germany

Belgium

France

7. Procedure p.1088 7.1 Governing Rules p.1088 7.2 Procedural Steps p.1088 7.3 Powers and Duties of Arbitrators p.1088 7.4 Legal Representatives p.1088 8. Evidence p.1089 8.1 Collection and Submission of Evidence p.1089 8.2 Rules of Evidence p.1089 8.3 Powers of Compulsion p.1089 9. Confidentiality p.1090 9.1 Extent of Confidentiality p.1090 10. The Award p.1090 10.1 Legal Requirements p.1090 10.2 Types of Remedies p.1090 10.3 Recovering Interest and Legal Costs p.1091 11. Review of an Award p.1091 11.1 Grounds for Appeal p.1091 11.2 Excluding/Expanding the Scope of Appeal p.1091

11.3 Standard of Judicial Review p.1091 12. Enforcement of an Award p.1092 12.1 New York Convention p.1092 12.2 Enforcement Procedure p.1092 12.3 Approach of the Courts p.1092 13. Miscellaneous p.1093 13.1 Class Action or Group Arbitration p.1093 13.2 Ethical Codes p.1093 13.3 Third-Party Funding p.1093 13.4 Consolidation p.1094 13.5 Binding of Third Parties p.1094

6.1 Types of Relief p.1087 6.2 Role of Courts p.1087 6.3 Security for Costs p.1088

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