BELGIUM
Netherlands
Brussels Belgium
Germany
Law and Practice Contributed by: Nathalie Colin, Maria-Clara Van den Bossche, Kevin Xhebexhia and Florence Frühling Freshfields
Luxembourg
France
Contents 1. General p.124 1.1 Prevalence of Arbitration p.124 1.2 Key Industries p.124 1.3 Arbitration Institutions p.124 1.4 National Courts p.124 2. Governing Legislation p.125 2.1 Governing Law p.125 2.2 Changes to National Law p.125 3. The Arbitration Agreement p.125 3.1 Enforceability p.125 3.2 Arbitrability p.125 3.3 National Courts’ Approach p.125 3.4 Validity p.126 4. The Arbitral Tribunal p.126 4.1 Limits on Selection p.126 4.2 Default Procedures p.126 4.3 Court Intervention p.126 4.4 Challenge and Removal of Arbitrators p.127 4.5 Arbitrator Requirements p.127 5. Jurisdiction p.127 5.1 Challenges to Jurisdiction p.127 5.2 Circumstances for Court Intervention p.127 5.3 Timing of Challenge p.128 5.4 Standard of Judicial Review for Jurisdiction/ Admissibility p.128 5.5 Breach of Arbitration Agreement p.128 5.6 Jurisdiction Over Third Parties p.128 6. Preliminary and Interim Relief p.128
7. Procedure p.129 7.1 Governing Rules p.129 7.2 Procedural Steps p.129 7.3 Powers and Duties of Arbitrators p.130 7.4 Legal Representatives p.130 8. Evidence p.130 8.1 Collection and Submission of Evidence p.130 8.2 Rules of Evidence p.130 8.3 Powers of Compulsion p.130 9. Confidentiality p.131 9.1 Extent of Confidentiality p.131 10. The Award p.131 10.1 Legal Requirements p.131 10.2 Types of Remedies p.131 10.3 Recovering Interest and Legal Costs p.131 11. Review of an Award p.131 11.1 Grounds for Appeal p.131 11.2 Excluding/Expanding the Scope of Appeal p.132
11.3 Standard of Judicial Review p.132 12. Enforcement of an Award p.132 12.1 New York Convention p.132 12.2 Enforcement Procedure p.132 12.3 Approach of the Courts p.133 13. Miscellaneous p.134 13.1 Class Action or Group Arbitration p.134 13.2 Ethical Codes p.134 13.3 Third-Party Funding p.134 13.4 Consolidation p.134 13.5 Binding of Third Parties p.134
6.1 Types of Relief p.128 6.2 Role of Courts p.129 6.3 Security for Costs p.129
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