International Arbitration 2026

SPAIN

France

Spain

Madrid

Portugal

Law and Practice Contributed by: Daniel Jiménez García SLJ Abogados

Contents 1. General p.923 1.1 Prevalence of Arbitration p.923 1.2 Key Industries p.923 1.3 Arbitration Institutions p.924 1.4 National Courts p.924 2. Governing Legislation p.925 2.1 Governing Law p.925 2.2 Changes to National Law p.925 3. The Arbitration Agreement p.925 3.1 Enforceability p.925 3.2 Arbitrability p.926 3.3 National Courts’ Approach p.926 3.4 Validity p.926 4. The Arbitral Tribunal p.927 4.1 Limits on Selection p.927 4.2 Default Procedures p.927 4.3 Court Intervention p.927 4.4 Challenge and Removal of Arbitrators p.927 4.5 Arbitrator Requirements p.927 5. Jurisdiction p.928 5.1 Challenges to Jurisdiction p.928 5.2 Circumstances for Court Intervention p.928 5.3 Timing of Challenge p.928 5.4 Standard of Judicial Review for Jurisdiction/ Admissibility p.929 5.5 Breach of Arbitration Agreement p.929 5.6 Jurisdiction Over Third Parties p.929 6. Preliminary and Interim Relief p.929

7. Procedure p.930 7.1 Governing Rules p.930 7.2 Procedural Steps p.931 7.3 Powers and Duties of Arbitrators p.931 7.4 Legal Representatives p.931 8. Evidence p.932 8.1 Collection and Submission of Evidence p.932 8.2 Rules of Evidence p.932 8.3 Powers of Compulsion p.932 9. Confidentiality p.933 9.1 Extent of Confidentiality p.933 10. The Award p.933 10.1 Legal Requirements p.933 10.2 Types of Remedies p.934 10.3 Recovering Interest and Legal Costs p.934 11. Review of an Award p.934 11.1 Grounds for Appeal p.934 11.2 Excluding/Expanding the Scope of Appeal p.935

11.3 Standard of Judicial Review p.935 12. Enforcement of an Award p.936 12.1 New York Convention p.936 12.2 Enforcement Procedure p.936 12.3 Approach of the Courts p.937 13. Miscellaneous p.937 13.1 Class Action or Group Arbitration p.937 13.2 Ethical Codes p.937 13.3 Third-Party Funding p.938 13.4 Consolidation p.938 13.5 Binding of Third Parties p.938

6.1 Types of Relief p.929 6.2 Role of Courts p.930 6.3 Security for Costs p.930

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