CZECH REPUBLIC Law and Practice Contributed by: Matěj Manderla, Jan Wagner, Ivo Hartmann and Aleš Malach, Tenacta, advokátní kancelář, s.r.o.
Eviction Process and Order To Vacate Self-help eviction (eg, changing locks) is not permit - ted; eviction must be pursued through judicial pro - ceedings. Since 2026, landlords may use an accel - erated “order to vacate” procedure: if supported by clear evidence and a prior 14-day notice, the court may issue the order without a hearing. The tenant then has 15 days to vacate or file opposition; failing that, the order becomes an enforceable title for eviction. 6.18 Right to Assign a Leasehold Interest General Rule Assignment and subleasing are generally allowed by law, but commercial leases usually require the land - lord’s prior written consent. Subleasing Landlords typically approve subleases only if the ten - ant remains fully liable for all obligations. The sublease term cannot exceed the main lease, and the subtenant must follow the agreed permitted use. Assignment An assignment transfers the lease entirely to a new tenant. Landlords have broad discretion to refuse consent or require that the new tenant meets strict financial and operational criteria. Intra-Group Exceptions Leases often allow transfers within the same corpo - rate group without consent, usually subject to prior notice and the condition that the new entity is at least as financially strong as the original tenant. 6.19 Right to Terminate a Lease General Approach Although Czech law provides default termination rights, commercial leases usually exclude them and instead define specific “events of default” that allow termination, often immediately or after a short notice period. Landlord’s Termination Rights Landlords can typically terminate for serious breaches by the tenant, such as non-payment (after a remedy period), unauthorised sublease or assignment, unap - proved alterations, failure to top up security or misuse of the premises.
Tenant’s Termination Rights Tenants have narrower rights, mainly if the premises become unusable, essential services are not provided or the tenant’s use is seriously disrupted. 6.20 Registration Requirements Lease agreements are typically concluded in writing for legal certainty, although written form is not strictly required for validity. There is also no requirement for certified signatures or a notarial deed. Registration of a lease in the Czech Cadastral Register is not mandatory, but it is possible if the owner applies or consents. In practice, registration is recommended, especially for commercial tenants, as it strengthens their legal position. If the property is transferred, the new owner is bound by a registered lease and cannot argue lack of awareness. There are no taxes or stamp duties related to lease registration. The only cost is a one-off administrative fee of approximately EUR80, usually paid by the ten - ant. 6.21 Forced Eviction A tenant may be required to vacate the premises before the agreed lease expiry if they materially breach the lease (most commonly by failing to pay rent). Once the landlord validly terminates the lease, the tenant loses the legal right to occupy the premises. 6.22 Termination by a Third Party A private lease cannot be terminated directly by the state or a municipality, but it may end indirectly. If the property is expropriated in the public interest, the lease terminates automatically, and the tenant is enti - tled to compensation. Similarly, if a building authority orders demolition due to safety issues, the lease effectively ends, and the tenant typically claims damages from the landlord. 6.23 Remedies/Damages for Breach Limitations In the event of a tenant breach and lease termination, a landlord may recover actual damages and proven lost profit. In practice, this often includes the remain -
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