PORTUGAL Law and Practice Contributed by: João Valadas Coriel, Sofia Quental, António Vieira and Inês Grácio, Valadas Coriel & Associados
Valadas Coriel & Associados RuaTierno Galvan
Nº 10, Torre 3 16º 1070-274 Lisboa Portugal Tel: +351 211 625 700
Email: vca@valadascoriel.com Web: www.valadascoriel.com
1. Art Law Framework 1.1 Relevant Authorities and Legislation Although Portugal lacks a dedicated legal framework for art law, various legal disciplines regulate the crea - tion, ownership, protection, commercialisation and circulation of artworks and cultural assets. Key leg - islation includes: • the Cultural Heritage Law, which governs the classification, preservation and export control of artworks ( Lei n.º 107/2001, de 8 de Setembro ); • the Copyright Law, which protects artists’ moral and economic rights ( Código do Direito de Autor e dos Direitos Conexos, Decreto-Lei n.º 63/85, de 14 de Março ); • the Anti-Money Laundering Law, which imposes obligations on art market operators to prevent illicit transactions ( Lei n.º 83/2017, de 18 de Agosto ); • tax and import/export regulations, which require prior authorisation for exporting classified artworks, following national ( Decreto-Lei n.º 148/2015, de 4 de Agosto ) and EU laws (Regulation EC No 116/2009 and Regulation EC No 2019/880); • restitution and illicit trafficking regulations, which align with international conventions and EU laws (UNESCO 1970, UNIDROIT 1995 and Directive 2014/60/EU) to prevent unlawful trade and ensure restitution efforts ( Lei n.º 30/2016, de 23 de Ago- sto ); • the Berne Convention for the Protection of Liter - ary and Artistic Works ( Convenção de Berna para a Proteção das Obras Literárias e Artísticas ), which establishes international minimum standards
for copyright protection, including the principles of national treatment and automatic protection, ensuring cross-border recognition of authors’ rights; and • the Portuguese Civil Code, which governs con - tracts, ownership and liability in art transactions. The regulatory authorities are as follows: • the Directorate-General for Cultural Heritage ( Direção-Geral do Património Cultural – DGPC) oversees cultural heritage protection and export control; • the Tax and Customs Authority ( Autoridade Tribu- tária e Aduaneira ) regulates taxation and customs for art transactions; • the Tax and Customs Authority ( Inspeção-Geral das Atividades Culturais – IGAC) enforces copy - right laws and licensing; • Banco de Portugal and the Judicial Police ( Polícia Judiciária ) ensure anti-money laundering (AML) compliance in art transactions; • collective rights management organisations – the Portuguese Society of Authors ( Sociedade Portu- guesa de Autores – SPA), Management of Artists’ Rights ( Gestão dos Direitos dos Artistas – GDA) and Association for the Management and Dis - tribution of Rights ( Associação para a Gestão e Distribuição de Direitos – AUDIOGEST) – protect artists’ and authors’ rights; and • the Public Prosecution Service ( Ministério Público ) and Polícia Judiciária investigate and prosecute copyright infringements and illicit trade.
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