SPAIN Law and Practice Contributed by: Esther Susín, E. Susín International Law Firm
procedure, so the case follows the standard family law litigation timeline. Effect of the Country of Origin on the Principles While the fundamental principle of the child’s best interests applies in all cases, the absence of reciproc - ity (when the other country is not a Hague signatory) removes the presumption of prompt return and can make enforcement abroad more difficult. If the other country has bilateral agreements with Spain cover - ing family law co-operation, these may influence the court’s decision and the practical enforceability of orders. Without such agreements, the Spanish court can still order return, but its execution in the foreign jurisdiction may be uncertain. 3.4 Non-Hague Convention Countries There is no applicable information in this jurisdiction.
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