GREECE Trends and Developments Contributed by: Alexandros Choimes and Evangelos Katsaras, ALG Manousakis Law Firm
rapid digital development as well as the emergence of novel cybersecurity threats which called for more robust cybersecurity governance systems as well as for advanced organisational readiness. In formulating its five-year plan, the NCSA focused heavily on the report that was published in March 2024 by the European Union’s Agency for Cyberse - curity (ENISA), titled “Foresight Cybersecurity Threats for 2030.” According to the report, the top ten cyber - security threats from now to 2030 and beyond (based on total impact and likelihood) are the following. • Supply chain compromise of software dependen - cies. • Skill shortage. • Human error and exploited legacy systems within the cyber-physical ecosystems. • Exploitation of unpatched and out-of-date systems within the overwhelmed cross-sector tech ecosys - tem. • Rise of digital surveillance authoritarianism/loss of privacy. • Cross-border ICT service providers as a single point of failure. • Advanced disinformation/influence operations (IO) campaigns. • Rise of advanced hybrid threats. • Abuse of AI. • Physical impact of natural/environmental disrup - tions on critical digital infrastructure. Eventually, the Strategy aims to support the Greek state as well as its enterprises and citizens in navigat - ing the new digital landscape by focusing on four main strategic goals, with each one of them broken down to further specifications and considerations. Goal #1: Developing skills and raising awareness With this goal, the NCSA focuses on the following. • Boosting cyber resilience within the private sector by identifying the specific cybersecurity needs of SMEs, promoting the implementation of European and international cybersecurity standards and developing a cybersecurity readiness toolkit for SMEs as well as for self-employed professionals.
• Bridging the skills gap in cybersecurity matters by building related training platforms, preparing a national action plan for education and awareness in cybersecurity, implementing a comprehensive cybersecurity training programme for managers in public administration, building targeted awareness programmes for senior management in the pub - lic and private sectors and implementing specific reskilling and upskilling programmes for informa - tion security officers in the public sector. • Fostering investment and innovation by enhancing the role and functions of the National Coordination Centre (NCC-EL ScaleUP), ensuring continuous co-operation with academic and research institu - tions on cybersecurity issues, developing financial incentives for investment in cybersecurity services and tools, and establishing a Cybersecurity Invest - ment Observatory as well as a National Cybersecu - rity Reserve for the financial support of cybersecu - rity-related projects and initiatives. • Enhancing readiness and response strategies in cybersecurity incidents by developing a National Communication and Awareness Plan, building a comprehensive exercise programme (especially on crisis management) within the scope of the NIS2 Directive and the CER Directive, preparing informa - tion and training materials, establishing a commu - nication management framework in case of cyber - security incidents, conducting awareness-raising campaigns in primary and secondary education, optimising the function of cybersecurity operation centres (gSOC and mini-SOC), conducting vulner - ability scans and vulnerability analyses as well as establishing supporting functions such as the Cybersecurity Testing and Research Analysis Labo - ratory (LAB), the Unified Cybersecurity Reporting Centre (EL-SOC), as well as the Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs). Goal #2: Strengthening of national, European and international co-operation This goal focuses on the following. • Strengthening mechanisms for preventing and combating cybercrime by taking advantage of modern tools, techniques and collaboration pro - cesses, developing and implementing cybercrime- related training programmes for law enforcement
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