ARMENIA LAW AND PRACTICE Contributed by: Aram Orbelyan, Narine Beglaryan, Artur Hovhannisyan, Lilit Karapetyan, Sarkis Knyazyan and Shushanik Stepanyan, Concern Dialog
Concern Dialog Law Firm 1 Charents St Office 207 Yerevan, 0025 Armenia
Tel: +374 60 278888 Email: info@dialog.am Web: www.dialog.am
1. Legal System 1.1 Legal System and Judicial Order Armenia is a unitary parliamentary repub - lic (based on the Constitution, as amended in 2015). Armenia belongs to the (continental) civil law system. The Civil Code is based on the Napoleonic Code, while administrative law was developed based on the German model. In Armenia, only courts are authorised to admin - ister justice. The following courts operate in Armenia: • the Constitutional Court (responsible for con - stitutional justice); • the Court of Cassation (the highest court outside of constitutional justice; it ensures the uniform application of legislation and elimi - nates the fundamental violations of human rights and freedoms); • the criminal, civil, administrative and anti-cor - ruption courts of appeal (these are responsi - ble for reviewing the judicial acts of the courts of first instance; they mostly act as courts of law, with a limited capacity to act as courts of fact – mostly in administrative and criminal proceedings);
• the courts of first instance of general jurisdic - tion; • the Administrative Court; • the Court of Bankruptcy (with jurisdiction to manage bankruptcy cases); and • the Anti-corruption Court. The Administrative Court has jurisdiction over all cases arising from public relations (both those between public bodies and those between pub - lic bodies and individuals), including disputes relating to public or alternative service and dis - putes between administrative bodies not sub - ject to settlement by order of precedence. The Administrative Court is the body empowered to review fines and other administrative acts. Start - ing from 1 January 2025, cases related to dis - putes concerning entering into public or alterna - tive service, performing such service, exemption from service, and being subjected to disciplinary liability will be examined not by the Administra - tive Court, but by the first instance courts of gen - eral jurisdiction. The Court of Bankruptcy is responsible for man - aging bankruptcy cases.
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