CHINA Law and Practice Contributed by: Yan Gao, Yilin Wang and Zhuohui Li, Zhong Lun Law Firm
ions of the General Office of the State Council on Improving the Unified National Power Market System (State Council, effective 8 February 2026) set out the national reform roadmap, establish unified rules for cross-regional electricity trading, and build the four core market segments of energy, ancillary services, capacity and green power trading. Sector-specific departmental rules govern each seg- ment. The Electric Power Business Licence Manage- ment Regulations (former State Electricity Regulatory Commission or SERC, effective 1 December 2005) provide the foundational licensing framework appli- cable across the industry. The principal regulatory instruments by segment are Key instruments include the Administrative Provisions for Power Grid-Connected Operation (National Energy Administration or NEA, effective 21 December 2021); the Special Implementation Plan for the New-Gen- eration Coal Power Upgrade Initiative (2025–2027) (National Development and Reform Commission, or NDRC, and NEA, effective 14 April 2025); the Inter- im Measures for the Development and Construction Management of Pumped Storage Power Stations (NDRC and NEA, effective 7 February 2025); the Interim Measures for Wind Power Development and Construction Management (NEA, effective 25 August 2011); the Measures for the Development and Con- struction Management of Photovoltaic Power Stations (NEA, effective 30 November 2022); and the Guar- anteed Purchase Measures (NDRC, effective 1 April 2024). Transmission Key instruments include the Measures for Pricing Cross-Provincial Special Project Transmission Tariffs (NDRC, effective 1 January 2026) and the Measures for the Supervision of Grid Fair Open Access (NEA, effective 29 September 2021). Distribution Key instruments include the Power Supply Business Rules (NDRC, effective 1 June 2024) and the Guid- ance on High-Quality Development of Distribution as follows. Generation
Networks under the New Situation (NDRC and NEA, effective 1 March 2024). Electricity retail The principal instrument is the Measures for the Administration of Power Retail Companies (NDRC and NEA, effective 22 November 2021). Storage Key instruments include the New Energy Storage Pro- ject Management Rules (Interim) (NEA, effective 24 September 2021) and the Notice on Promoting Grid Connection and Scheduling of New Energy Storage (NEA, effective 2 April 2024). General market rules Instruments applicable across all segments include the Basic Rules for Power Market Operation (NDRC, effective 1 July 2024), the Measures for Power Market Supervision (NDRC, effective 1 June 2024), and the Basic Rules for Medium and Long-Term Power Market Transactions (NDRC and NEA, effective 26 December 2025). 1.2 Principal State-Owned or Investor-Owned Entities State-Owned Entities The principal state-owned generation enterprises at the central level are China Energy Investment Corpo- ration, China Huaneng Group Co, Ltd, China Datang Corporation Ltd, China Huadian Corporation Ltd, and China Three Gorges Corporation. Principal local state-owned generation enterprises include Zhejiang Energy Group Co, Ltd, Beijing Energy Holding Co, Ltd, Luneng Group Co, Ltd, Shenergy (Group) Co, Ltd, and Jinneng Holding Group Co, Ltd, among others. In transmission and distribution, the three principal state-owned grid enterprises are State Grid Corpora- tion of China, China Southern Power Grid Company Limited, and Inner Mongolia Power (Group) Co, Ltd. Private Entities Principal private generation enterprises include Win- time Energy Group Co, Ltd, Guangdong Baolihua New Energy Stock Co, Ltd, Zhejiang Chint New Energy
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