KAZAKHSTAN Law and Practice Contributed by: Timur Odilov, Mikhail Abdulov, Olzhas Abubakirov and Dauren Sadykov, Haller Lomax LLP
There are no specific climate change pro - grammes or requirements for the mining sector. 3.2 Climate Change Legislation and Proposals Related to Mining Please refer to 3.1 Climate Change Effects . 3.3 Sustainable Development Initiatives Related to Mining In 2013, the President of Kazakhstan adopt - ed the concept of the country’s transition to the Green Economy (“the Concept”) in order to ensure the sustainable development of the country and that it becomes one of the 30 most developed countries in the world by 2050. It assumes that the transition will require annual investments of about 1% of Kazakhstan’s GDP (or USD3‒4 billion). The priority tasks of the Concept are: • improving the efficiency of resource use; • modernisation of existing infrastructure and construction of new infrastructure; • improving the well-being of the population and the quality of the environment through cost-effective measures to reduce pressure on the environment; and • improving national security, including water security. The threat of water scarcity and the inefficient management of water resources can be major obstacles to sustainable economic growth and social development in Kazakhstan. According to the Concept, the following projects are neces - sary in order to achieve national security: • the construction of reservoirs and reservoirs to capture water run-off during floods;
• the repair and reconstruction of main irriga - tion channels and large irrigation infrastruc - ture; • the construction of wastewater treatment plants and water desalination units to treat brackish water; and • the construction and/or modernisation of treatment facilities in the 20 largest cities in Kazakhstan. Please also refer to 3.1 Climate Change Effects regarding the Strategy for Achieving Hydrocar - bon Neutrality in the Republic of Kazakhstan by 2060. 3.4 Energy-Transition Minerals Kazakhstan produces approximately 18 of the 34 essential raw materials identified by the EU as crucial for batteries, electric vehicles, solar panels, and other components in the renewable energy sector. These materials encompass bis - muth, gallium, rare earth elements, silicon, vana - dium, tungsten, lithium, indium, cobalt, etc. Despite this significant resource, there are cur - rently no specific legislative initiatives related to “energy-transition minerals”. In 2023, the MIC developed a Comprehensive Plan for the Development of the Rare and Rare Earth Metals Industry for 2024–2028. The comprehensive plan provides for the expan - sion of the resource base and the introduction of technologies for the complex extraction of rare metals, the modernisation of existing production facilities, the development of standards regulat - ing the industry and the lifting of the secrecy regime for certain metals.
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