MOZAMBIQUE Law and Practice Contributed by: João Afonso Fialho, Guilherme Daniel and Helna Vitoldás, VdA
cerns has led to increased tensions and opposi - tion from community members.
• to strengthen monitoring and inspection capacity in areas where mining activities occur. 3.2 Climate Change Legislation and Proposals Related to Mining Climate change-related legislation is not yet being discussed in Mozambique specifically to address issues related to mining activities. How - ever, it is worth mentioning that Mozambique has ratified several climate-related conventions, namely: • the United Nations Convention on Climate Change, of June 1992; • the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; and • the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. 3.3 Sustainable Development Initiatives Related to Mining One of the strategic objectives set out in the Government Five-Year Programme for 2020– 2024 relates to ensuring the transparency and sustainability of the mining industry. Under this objective, the government will ensure (among other priorities): • dissemination in several provinces of technol - ogies and techniques that are environmentally safe and sustainable for artisanal mining; • intensification of the tracing and controlling of mineral products, including combating traf - ficking and smuggling; and • intensification of the control of exploitation of mineral resources, through inspection inter - ventions in a systematic manner. It is also worth noting that one of the pillars of the Mineral Resources Policy and Strategy con - tained in Resolution 89/2013, of 31 December
3. Climate Change, Energy Transition and Sustainable Development in Mining 3.1 Climate Change Effects
Mozambique is still at an early stage in the crea - tion of initiatives to combat climate change in the mining industry. One of the priorities of the gov - ernment’s Five-Year Programme for 2020–2024 was strengthening the sustainable management of natural resources and the environment. In this context, consideration was given to the adop - tion of appropriate technologies, to ensure that activities related to the exploitation of natural resources minimised the negative impact on the environment and communities. To guarantee the sustainable management and use of air, land, water and subsoil resources and the mainte - nance of biodiversity, in harmony with national development needs, the government has estab - lished the following strategic objectives: • to improve planning and land-use planning and strengthen monitoring and enforcement in their implementation; • to ensure the conservation of ecosystems, biodiversity and the sustainable use of natural resources; • to strengthen the capacity for assessing and monitoring environmental quality, particularly in areas where development projects are implemented; • to reduce the vulnerability of communities, the economy and infrastructure to climate risks and natural and anthropogenic disas - ters; • to ensure the transparency and sustainability of mineral and hydrocarbon extraction; and
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