POLAND CONTENTS
6. Marketplaces, Exchanges and Trading Platforms p.658 6.1 Permissible Trading Platforms p.658 6.2 Regulation of Different Asset Classes p.659 6.3 Impact of the Emergence of Cryptocurrency Exchanges p.659 6.4 Listing Standards p.660 6.5 Order Handling Rules p.660 6.6 Rise of Peer-to-Peer Trading Platforms p.660 6.7 Rules of Payment for Order Flow p.660 6.8 Market Integrity Principles p.661 7. High-Frequency and Algorithmic Trading p.661 7.1 Creation and Usage Regulations p.661 7.2 Requirement to Be Licensed or Otherwise Register as Market Makers When Functioning in a Principal Capacity p.661 7.3 Regulatory Distinction Between Funds and Dealers p.661 7.4 Regulation of Programmers and Programming p.661 8. Insurtech p.662 8.1 Underwriting Processes p.662 8.2 Treatment of Different Types of Insurance p.662 9. Regtech p.662 9.1 Regulation of Regtech Providers p.662 9.2 Contractual Terms to Assure Performance and Accuracy p.662 10. Blockchain p.663 10.1 Use of Blockchain in the Financial Services Industry p.663 10.2 Local Regulators’ Approach to Blockchain p.663 10.3 Classification of Blockchain Assets p.663
10.4 Regulation of “Issuers” of Blockchain Assets p.664 10.5 Regulation of Blockchain Asset Trading Platforms p.664 10.6 Staking p.664
10.7 Crypto-Related Lending p.665 10.8 Cryptocurrency Derivatives p.665 10.9 Decentralised Finance (DeFi) p.665 10.10 Regulation of Funds p.665 10.11 Virtual Currencies p.665 10.12 Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) p.666 11. Open Banking p.666 11.1 Regulation of Open Banking p.666 11.2 Concerns Raised by Open Banking p.666 12. Fraud p.666 12.1 Elements of Fraud p.666
12.2 Areas of Regulatory Focus p.666 12.3 Responsibility for Losses p.667
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