USA
Canada
United States of America
Washington DC
Law and Practice Contributed by: Djordje Petkoski, Matt Modell, Memmi Rasmussen and Tim Harris A&O Shearman
Mexico
Contents 1. Cartels Law and Regulation p.356 1.1 Legal Bases p.356 1.2 Regulatory/Enforcement Agencies and Penalties p.356 1.3 Private Enforcement p.356
1.4 “Cartel Conduct” p.356 1.5 Limitation Periods p.357 1.6 Jurisdiction p.357
1.7 Principles of Comity p.357 1.8 Enforcement Priorities p.358 1.9 Guides Published by Governmental Authorities p.358 2. Early Stages of Cartel Enforcement p.358 2.1 Initial Investigation p.358 2.2 Dawn Raids/Search Warrants p.359 2.3 Spoliation of Evidence p.359 2.4 Role of Counsel p.359 2.5 Obtaining Evidence/Testimony p.360 2.6 Attorney-Client and Other Privileges p.360 2.7 Non-Cooperation p.361 2.8 Protection of Confidential/Proprietary Information p.361 2.9 Arguments Against Enforcement Actions p.361 3. Leniency, Immunity and Whistle-Blower Regimes p.362 3.1 Leniency p.362 3.2 Amnesty/Immunity p.362 3.3 Whistle-Blowers p.362 4. Procedural Framework for Cartel Enforcement p.363 4.1 Obtaining Evidence From Employees p.363 4.2 Obtaining Documentary Evidence From Subject/Target Companies p.363 4.3 Obtaining Evidence From Entities Outside the Jurisdiction p.363
4.4 Domestic Inter-Agency Co-Operation p.363 4.5 International Inter-Agency Co-Operation p.363 4.6 Issuing Criminal Indictments p.364 4.7 Issuing Civil Complaints p.364 4.8 The Role of Experts p.364 4.9 Possibility of Multiple Proceedings p.365
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