i Table of contents 142

Business and Human Rights 2025

Definitive global law guides offering comparative analysis from top-ranked lawyers

INTRODUCTION		5
Contributed by Brian W. Burkett, Claudia Feldkamp and Chris Pigott, Fasken		5
BELGIUM		11
Law and Practice		11
Contributed by Claeys & Engels		11
Trends and Developments		31
Contributed by Claeys & Engels		31
CANADA		35
Law and Practice		35
Contributed by Fasken		35
Trends and Developments		51
Contributed by Fasken		51
CHILE		57
Trends and Developments		57
Contributed by VGC Abogados		57
GERMANY		62
Law and Practice		62
Contributed by Littler		62
JAPAN		75
Law and Practice		75
Contributed by Anderson Mori & Tomotsune		75
Trends and Developments		88
Contributed by Mori Hamada		88
SWITZERLAND		95
Law and Practice		95
Contributed by Walder Wyss Ltd		95
Trends and Developments		112
Contributed by Walder Wyss Ltd		112
USA		118
Law and Practice		118
Contributed by Littler		118
Trends and Developments		136
Contributed by Littler		136
1. Introduction		13
1.1 Business and Human Rights: A Summary		13
2. Legal Framework		13
2.1 International		13
2.2 National and Regional		14
3. Corporate Liability		22
3.1 Criminal and Civil Corporate Liability		22
3.2 Director and Officer Liability		22
3.3 Parent Company Liability		23
4. Enforcement and Litigation		23
4.1 Enforcement Activities		23
4.2 Case Law		24
4.3 Grievance Mechanisms		25
5. Business and Human Rights in Action		28
5.1 Best Practices		28
1. Introduction		37
1.1 Business and Human Rights: A Summary		37
2. Legal Framework		38
2.1 International		38
2.2 National and Regional		38
3. Corporate Liability		45
3.1 Criminal and Civil Corporate Liability		45
3.2 Director and Officer Liability		45
3.3 Parent Company Liability		45
4. Enforcement and Litigation		46
4.1 Enforcement Activities		46
4.2 Case Law		46
4.3 Grievance Mechanisms		48
5. Business and Human Rights in Action		49
5.1 Best Practices		49
1. Introduction		64
1.1 Business and Human Rights: A Summary		64
2. Legal Framework		64
2.1 International		64
2.2 National and Regional		65
3. Corporate Liability		71
3.1 Criminal and Civil Corporate Liability		71
3.2 Director and Officer Liability		72
3.3 Parent Company Liability		73
4. Enforcement and Litigation		73
4.1 Enforcement Activities		73
4.2 Case Law		73
4.3 Grievance Mechanisms		73
5. Business and Human Rights in Action		74
5.1 Best Practices		74
1. Introduction		78
1.1 Business and Human Rights: A Summary		78
2. Legal Framework		79
2.1 International		79
2.2 National and Regional		80
3. Corporate Liability		84
3.1 Criminal and Civil Corporate Liability		84
3.2 Director and Officer Liability		85
3.3 Parent Company Liability		85
4. Enforcement and Litigation		85
4.1 Enforcement Activities		85
4.2 Case Law		86
4.3 Grievance Mechanisms		86
5. Business and Human Rights in Action		87
5.1 Best Practices		87
1. Introduction		98
1.1 Business and Human Rights: A Summary		98
2. Legal Framework		98
2.1 International		98
2.2 National and Regional		98
3. Corporate Liability		105
3.1 Criminal and Civil Corporate Liability		105
3.2 Director and Officer Liability		106
3.3 Parent Company Liability		107
4. Enforcement and Litigation		108
4.1 Enforcement Activities		108
4.2 Case Law		109
4.3 Grievance Mechanisms		110
5. Business and Human Rights in Action		110
5.1 Best Practices		110
1. Introduction		120
1.1 Business and Human Rights: A Summary		120
2. Legal Framework		120
2.1 International		120
2.2 National and Regional		120
3. Corporate Liability		127
3.1 Criminal and Civil Corporate Liability		127
3.2 Director and Officer Liability		129
3.3 Parent Company Liability		129
4. Enforcement and Litigation		130
4.1 Enforcement Activities		130
4.2 Case Law		130
4.3 Grievance Mechanisms		134
5. Business and Human Rights in Action		135
5.1 Best Practices		135

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