CZECH REPUBLIC
Germany
Poland
Prague
Czech Republic
Law and Practice Contributed by: Martin Řanda, Jan Lexa, Vít Fišer and Adam Vopelka act legal
Slovakia
Austria
Contents 1. Regulatory Framework and Law p.126 1.1 Environmental Protection Policies, Principles and Laws p.126 2. Enforcement Authorities and Mechanisms p.127 2.1 Regulatory Authorities p.127 2.2 Co-Operation p.127 3. Environmental Protections p.128 3.1 Protection of Environmental Assets p.128 3.2 Breaching Protections p.129 4. Environmental Incidents and Permits p.129 4.1 Investigative and Access Powers p.129 4.2 Environmental Permits/Approvals p.129 4.3 Regulators’ Approach to Policy and Enforcement p.130 4.4 Transferring Permits/Approvals p.130 4.5 Consequences of Breaching Permits/Approvals p.130 5. Environmental Liability p.130 5.1 Key Types of Liability p.130 5.2 Liability for Historical Environmental Incidents or Damage p.130 5.3 Key Defences p.131 6. Corporate Liability p.131 6.1 Liability for Environmental Damage or Breaches of Environmental Law p.131 6.2 Environmental Taxes p.131 6.3 Incentives, Exemptions and Penalties p.132 6.4 Shareholder or Parent Company Liability p.133
10. Civil Liability p.135 10.1 Civil Claims p.135 10.2 Exemplary or Punitive Damages p.135 10.3 Class or Group Actions p.135 10.4 Landmark Cases p.135 11. Contractual Agreements p.135 11.1 Transferring or Apportioning Liability p.135 12. Contaminated Land p.136 12.1 Key Laws Governing Contaminated Land p.136 12.2 Clearing Contaminated Land p.136 12.3 Determining Liability p.136 12.4 Proceedings Against Polluters p.136 12.5 Investigating Environmental Accidents p.136 13. Climate Change and Emissions Trading p.137 13.1 Key Policies, Principles and Laws p.137 13.2 Targets to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions p.137 14. Asbestos and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) p.137 14.1 Key Policies, Principles and Laws Relating to Asbestos and PCBs p.137 15. Waste p.138 15.1 Key Laws and Regulatory Controls p.138 15.2 Retention of Environmental Liability p.138 15.3 Circular Economy Requirements p.139 15.4 Rights and Obligations Applicable to Waste Operators p.139 16. Environmental Disclosure and Information p.140 16.1 Disclosure and Reporting Requirements p.140 16.2 Public Environmental Information p.140 16.3 Corporate Disclosure Requirement p.141 16.4 Green Finance p.141 17. Transactions p.141 17.1 Environmental Due Diligence p.141 17.2 Disclosure of Environmental Information p.141 17.3 Key Issues in Environmental Due Diligence p.142
6.5 ESG Requirements p.133 6.6 Environmental Audits p.133 7. Personal Liability p.134 7.1 Directors and Other Officers p.134 8. Insurance p.134 8.1 Environmental Insurance p.134 9. Lender Liability p.134 9.1 Financial Institutions/Lenders p.134 9.2 Lender Protection p.134
124 CHAMBERS.COM
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