KAZAKHSTAN
Russia
Kazakhstan Astana
Law and Practice Contributed by: Arman Bigazin, Mikhail Abdulov, Olzhas Abubakirov and Lidiya Sayenko Haller Lomax LLP
China
Contents 1. Regulatory Framework and Law p.264 1.1 Environmental Protection Policies, Principles and Laws p.264 2. Enforcement Authorities and Mechanisms p.265 2.1 Regulatory Authorities p.265 2.2 Co-Operation p.265 3. Environmental Protections p.266 3.1 Protection of Environmental Assets p.266 3.2 Breaching Protections p.266 4. Environmental Incidents and Permits p.266 4.1 Investigative and Access Powers p.266 4.2 Environmental Permits/Approvals p.267 4.3 Regulators’ Approach to Policy and Enforcement p.268 4.4 Transferring Permits/Approvals p.269 4.5 Consequences of Breaching Permits/Approvals p.269 5. Environmental Liability p.270 5.1 Key Types of Liability p.270 5.2 Liability for Historical Environmental Incidents or Damage p.270 5.3 Key Defences p.270 6. Corporate Liability p.271 6.1 Liability for Environmental Damage or Breaches of Environmental Law p.271 6.2 Environmental Taxes p.271 6.3 Incentives, Exemptions and Penalties p.271 6.4 Shareholder or Parent Company Liability p.271
10. Civil Liability p.273 10.1 Civil Claims p.273 10.2 Exemplary or Punitive Damages p.273 10.3 Class or Group Actions p.273 10.4 Landmark Cases p.273 11. Contractual Agreements p.274 11.1 Transferring or Apportioning Liability p.274 12. Contaminated Land p.274 12.1 Key Laws Governing Contaminated Land p.274 12.2 Clearing Contaminated Land p.274 12.3 Determining Liability p.274 12.4 Proceedings Against Polluters p.274 12.5 Investigating Environmental Accidents p.274 13. Climate Change and Emissions Trading p.275 13.1 Key Policies, Principles and Laws p.275 13.2 Targets to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions p.275 14. Asbestos and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) p.276 14.1 Key Policies, Principles and Laws Relating to Asbestos and PCBs p.276 15. Waste p.276 15.1 Key Laws and Regulatory Controls p.276 15.2 Retention of Environmental Liability p.276 15.3 Circular Economy Requirements p.276 15.4 Rights and Obligations Applicable to Waste Operators p.277 16. Environmental Disclosure and Information p.277 16.1 Disclosure and Reporting Requirements p.277 16.2 Public Environmental Information p.277 16.3 Corporate Disclosure Requirement p.278 16.4 Green Finance p.278 17. Transactions p.278 17.1 Environmental Due Diligence p.278 17.2 Disclosure of Environmental Information p.278 17.3 Key Issues in Environmental Due Diligence p.278
6.5 ESG Requirements p.272 6.6 Environmental Audits p.272 7. Personal Liability p.272 7.1 Directors and Other Officers p.272 8. Insurance p.272 8.1 Environmental Insurance p.272 9. Lender Liability p.273 9.1 Financial Institutions/Lenders p.273 9.2 Lender Protection p.273
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