TÜRKIYE Trends and Developments Contributed by: Faruk Aktay, Ayşe Müge Aktay and İrina Gül Coşkun, Aktay Law Firm
Aktay Law Firm Levent Mah Yapı Kredi Plaza, B Blok Kat:11 Beşiktaş İstanbul Türkiye
Tel: +90 212 216 40 00 Email: info@aktay.av.tr Web: www.aktay.av.tr
Introduction The litigation landscape in Türkiye has continued to evolve rapidly in 2025. Shifting economic condi- tions, new procedural mechanisms and the steady increase in the use of technology have all contributed to a court system that is more modern and adaptive than in previous years. Businesses, individuals and practitioners now operate in an environment shaped by digital tools, enhanced regulatory intervention and heightened expectations regarding transparency and efficiency. Online hearings, electronic filings and expanded access to digital evidence have become routine elements of litigation practice, transforming both the pace and complexity of disputes. Regulatory bodies also play a more prominent role, influencing how commercial conflicts develop – par- ticularly in sectors such as competition, data protec- tion, financial services and digital platforms. At the same time, global dynamics, including cross-border commerce, ESG obligations and international arbi- tration trends, continue to impact domestic litigation strategies. The following sections provide an updated overview of key trends affecting litigation in Türkiye, highlight- ing the main areas where legal practice is adapting to technological progress, economic realities and evolv- ing societal expectations. Digital Justice and Procedural Reform Expansion of e-court systems Digitalisation remains one of the most significant developments in Türkiye with electronic court systems becoming the backbone of daily litigation practice.
The National Judicial Network Project (“UYAP”) is the system that electronically controls all litigation pro- cedures in Türkiye, and almost all procedural steps such as filing, service of documents, scheduling, and access to case materials take place through this plat- form. Improved system stability, reduced processing time and more predictable workflow management have noticeably decreased administrative delays. The courts also now store a broader range of evidence electronically, which has increased transparency and simplified case preparation. Parties are now able to work from all over Türkiye, see the content of the case wherever they are, manage time better without unnec- essary delays, and attend hearings without the need to travel long distances. This single platform controls all the litigation processes throughout Türkiye. For in-house teams and foreign counsels, the ability to monitor cases remotely has made Turkish litigation more predictable and easier to integrate into global dispute strategies. Not only has the digitalisation of justice given parties easier access to litigation proce- dures anywhere, it has also contributed to time and economic management. Virtual hearings, e-service and online dispute resolution Virtual hearings continue to play an important role. Although many evidentiary sessions occur in person, the courts frequently conduct procedural hearings online when the parties or witnesses are based in dif- ferent cities or countries, or are not able to attend court in person for other reasons. This hybrid model is particularly beneficial in commercial litigation where
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