PANAMA Trends and Developments Contributed by: Jorge Molina Mendoza and Alberto de Urriola Rubio, FABREGA MOLINO
Conclusion The Panamanian legal community undoubtedly has high expectations for the reform of the civil proce- dure, in force since 11 October 2025. If it works as expected, it will mean a tremendous improvement in the response time of the public service of administra- tion of justice in civil and commercial cases, ensuring that cases are resolved within a reasonable time. The reform of the civil procedure system aims to pro- vide greater access to the courts, accompanied by greater immediacy and responsiveness from judges. It also seeks to provide greater legal certainty and predictability of outcomes, as far as possible. Naturally, any change brings some uncertainty, but this must be addressed through continuous training for all actors in civil judicial proceedings.
Among the grounds that may give rise to an appeal for review are: • that the documents decisive to the judgment have subsequently been declared false by means of a judgment; • the discovery, after the contested judgment was issued, of decisive documents that the parties were unable to present due to unforeseeable cir- cumstances, force majeure or actions by the party favoured by the judgment; • the judgment was based on statements made by individuals who were later convicted of perjury because of those statements; • collusion or other fraudulent actions by the parties; • the appealed judgment did not respect res judi- cata, provided that this could not be raised in the second proceeding; and • the appealed judgment did not comply with the summons or notification requirements established by law, provided this issued was not discussed in the proceedings.
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