NORWAY Law and Practice Contributed by: Jøran Sandvik, Aksel Tannum and Ida Mattsson Sperre, Advokatfirmaet Haavind AS
countries, which also covers new connections and capacity increases. The connections to the Netherlands, Germany and the UK each have their own licence. Licences are granted pursuant to the Energy Act. 2.3 Supply Mix of Electricity In 2024, Norway’s total electricity production was 157.8 TWh (installed capacity, 40,334 MW). The supply mix was as follows. • Hydropower: The average annual production was estimated at 137.6 TWh, of which small power plants accounted for 12.3 TWh. The installed capacity was 33,947 MW. In 2024, this accounted for about 88% of total produc- tion. • Wind power: The average annual production was estimated at 15.9 TWh, and the installed capacity was 5,082 MW. In 2024, this accounted for about 11% of total production. • Thermal power plants: With a production amount of 3.1 TWh and an installed capacity of 540 MW, in 2024 this accounted for about 1.96% of total production. • Solar power plants (grid-connected): With a production amount of 0.52 TWh and an installed capacity of 764 MW, in 2024 this accounted for about 0.2% of total production. 2.4 Market Concentration Limits There are no limits with respect to the percent- age of electricity supply controlled by any one entity in the Norwegian electricity supply mar- ket. However, Norwegian competition authori- ties encourage competition amongst the power producers as this is an important mechanism to achieve reasonable pricing for consumers of electricity. Producers compete based on their ability to deliver electricity. To ensure well-func- tioning competition, it is therefore important that individual players do not have too large a share
of the total power production. General competi- tion law, which prohibits anti-competitive behav-
iour, applies to the electricity market. 2.5 Surveillance to Detect Anti- Competitive Behaviour
Norway has, as of end of May 2025, not imple- mented REMIT. Regarding the work aimed at Norwegian implementation of REMIT, a consul- tation was initiated by the Ministry of Energy on 17 March 2023, with a consultation deadline of 28 April 2023. It is not known when REMIT will formally be implemented into Norwegian law (as of May 2025). Even though REMIT is not yet for- mally implemented, many of its provisions are, per se, implemented through the Energy Act and its regulations, as well as through private law regulations in the marketplaces. The NEM Regulation contains provisions on market behaviour and transparency in the power market. The NVE-RME is closely integrated with the NVE, which also oversees the physical distribu- tion of power as well as the neutrality of grid companies. Pursuant to the NEM Regulation, the NVE-RME oversees market behaviour and ensures transparency in the wholesale electric- ity market, especially concerning the trading of physical power. The NVE-RME may, pursuant to the NEM Regulation, for example: • demand the delivery of all data, information and documentation by market participants and the TSO necessary to perform its super- visory function; • mandate the immediate cessation of any unlawful activities; • issue coercive fines for violations; and • request information and data from the con- cessionaire of an organised marketplace for
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