i Table of contents 148

The Unified Patent Court 2025

Definitive global law guides offering comparative analysis from top-ranked lawyers

INTRODUCTION		5
Contributed by Gordon Harris and Vittorio Cerulli Irelli, Trevisan & Cuonzo		5
MUNICH CENTRAL DIVISION		11
Law and Practice		11
Contributed by Grünecker		11
HAMBURG LOCAL DIVISION		30
Law and Practice		30
Contributed by Eisenführ Speiser		30
MANNHEIM LOCAL DIVISION		43
Law and Practice		43
Contributed by Clifford Chance		43
MUNICH LOCAL DIVISION		59
Trends and Developments		59
Contributed by Grünecker Patent- und Rechtsanwälte PartG mbB		59
MILAN CENTRAL DIVISION		67
Law and Practice		67
Contributed by Trevisan & Cuonzo		67
MILAN LOCAL DIVISION		80
Law and Practice		80
Contributed by Trevisan & Cuonzo		80
LISBON LOCAL DIVISION		97
Law and Practice		97
Contributed by NLP		97
LJUBLJANA LOCAL DIVISION		108
Law and Practice		108
Contributed by Jadek & Pensa Law Firm		108
STOCKHOLM REGIONAL DIVISION		120
Law and Practice		120
Contributed by Lind Edlund Kenamets Intellectual Property AB		120
UK		140
Trends and Developments		140
Contributed by Haseltine Lake Kempner		140
1. General Information		14
1.1 Basic Information		14
1.2 UPC Judges		14
1.3 Specific Procedural Issues		15
1.4 Regional Division Competence		15
1.5 Central Division Competence		15
1.6 Court of Appeal: Purpose and Procedure		16
2. Statistical Information		16
2.1 Types of Actions		16
2.2 Substantive Hearings		16
2.3 Case Classification		17
2.4 Time Lines		17
2.5 Interaction Between Central and Local/Regional Divisions		17
3. Substantive Law		18
3.1 Topics Covered		18
3.2 Leading Cases		19
3.3 Pending Cases		20
3.4 Technically Qualified Judges		21
3.5 Influence of Prior Local Practice on Substantive Legal Decisions		21
3.6 Court of Appeal Substantive Jurisprudence		21
4. Procedural Issues		21
4.1 Hearing Structure		21
4.2 Key Procedural Issues		21
4.3 Third-Party Access to Documents		24
4.4 Pending Procedural Issues		24
4.5 Influence of Prior Local Practice on Procedural Issues		24
4.6 Court of Appeal Procedural Jurisprudence		25
5. Economic Issues and Remedies		25
5.1 Case Value and Court Fees		25
5.2 UPC Court Fees Compared to National Courts		26
5.3 Costs Awards		26
5.4 Damages		26
6. The Future of the UPC		26
6.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of the UPC		26
6.2 Future Trends		27
6.3 The Future of National Patent Litigation		27
6.4 Improvements to the UPC		28
1. General Information		34
1.1 Basic Information		34
1.2 UPC Judges		34
1.3 Specific Procedural Issues		35
1.4 Regional Division Competence		35
1.5 Central Division Competence		35
1.6 Court of Appeal: Purpose and Procedure		35
2. Statistical Information		35
2.1 Types of Actions		35
2.2 Substantive Hearings		35
2.3 Case Classification		35
2.4 Time Lines		36
2.5 Interaction Between Central and Local/Regional Divisions		36
3. Substantive Law		36
3.1 Topics Covered		36
3.2 Leading Cases		38
3.3 Pending Cases		38
3.4 Technically Qualified Judges		39
3.5 Influence of Prior Local Practice on Substantive Legal Decisions		39
3.6 Court of Appeal Substantive Jurisprudence		39
4. Procedural Issues		39
4.1 Hearing Structure		39
4.2 Key Procedural Issues		39
4.3 Third-Party Access to Documents		40
4.4 Pending Procedural Issues		40
4.5 Influence of Prior Local Practice on Procedural Issues		40
4.6 Court of Appeal Procedural Jurisprudence		40
5. Economic Issues and Remedies		41
5.1 Case Value and Court Fees		41
5.2 UPC Court Fees Compared to National Courts		41
5.3 Costs Awards		41
5.4 Damages		41
6. The Future of the UPC		41
6.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of the UPC		41
6.2 Future Trends		41
6.3 The Future of National Patent Litigation		42
6.4 Improvements to the UPC		42
1. General Information		46
1.1 Basic Information		46
1.2 UPC Judges		46
1.3 Specific Procedural Issues		47
1.4 Regional Division Competence		47
1.5 Central Division Competence		47
1.6 Court of Appeal: Purpose and Procedure		47
2. Statistical Information		47
2.1 Types of Actions		47
2.2 Substantive Hearings		48
2.3 Case Classification		48
2.4 Time Lines		48
2.5 Interaction Between Central and Local/Regional Divisions		48
3. Substantive Law		49
3.1 Topics Covered		49
3.2 Leading Cases		50
3.3 Pending Cases		50
3.4 Technically Qualified Judges		51
3.5 Influence of Prior Local Practice on Substantive Legal Decisions		51
3.6 Court of Appeal Substantive Jurisprudence		52
4. Procedural Issues		52
4.1 Hearing Structure		52
4.2 Key Procedural Issues		52
4.3 Third-Party Access to Documents		52
4.4 Pending Procedural Issues		53
4.5 Influence of Prior Local Practice on Procedural Issues		53
4.6 Court of Appeal Procedural Jurisprudence		53
5. Economic Issues and Remedies		53
5.1 Case Value and Court Fees		53
5.2 UPC Court Fees Compared to National Courts		53
5.3 Costs Awards		54
5.4 Damages		55
6. The Future of the UPC		55
6.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of the UPC		55
6.2 Future Trends		55
6.3 The Future of National Patent Litigation		56
6.4 Improvements to the UPC		57
1. General Information		71
1.1 Basic Information		71
1.2 UPC Judges		71
1.3 Specific Procedural Issues		71
1.4 Regional Division Competence		71
1.5 Central Division Competence		71
1.6 Court of Appeal: Purpose and Procedure		72
2. Statistical Information		72
2.1 Types of Actions		72
2.2 Substantive Hearings		72
2.3 Case Classification		73
2.4 Time Lines		73
2.5 Interaction Between Central and Local/Regional Divisions		73
3. Substantive Law		73
3.1 Topics Covered		73
3.2 Leading Cases		74
3.3 Pending Cases		74
3.4 Technically Qualified Judges		75
3.5 Influence of Prior Local Practice on Substantive Legal Decisions		75
3.6 Court of Appeal Substantive Jurisprudence		76
4. Procedural Issues		76
4.1 Hearing Structure		76
4.2 Key Procedural Issues		76
4.3 Third-Party Access to Documents		77
4.4 Pending Procedural Issues		77
4.5 Influence of Prior Local Practice on Procedural Issues		77
4.6 Court of Appeal Procedural Jurisprudence		78
5. Economic Issues and Remedies		78
5.1 Case Value and Court Fees		78
5.2 UPC Court Fees Compared to National Courts		78
5.3 Costs Awards		78
5.4 Damages		78
6. The Future of the UPC		78
6.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of the UPC		78
6.2 Future Trends		79
6.3 The Future of National Patent Litigation		79
6.4 Improvements to the UPC		79
1. General Information		84
1.1 Basic Information		84
1.2 UPC Judges		84
1.3 Specific Procedural Issues		84
1.4 Regional Division Competence		85
1.5 Central Division Competence		86
1.6 Court of Appeal: Purpose and Procedure		86
2. Statistical Information		86
2.1 Types of Actions		86
2.2 Substantive Hearings		86
2.3 Case Classification		86
2.4 Time Lines		87
2.5 Interaction Between Central and Local/Regional Divisions		87
3. Substantive Law		87
3.1 Topics Covered		87
3.2 Leading Cases		88
3.3 Pending Cases		89
3.4 Technically Qualified Judges		91
3.5 Influence of Prior Local Practice on Substantive Legal Decisions		91
3.6 Court of Appeal Substantive Jurisprudence		92
4. Procedural Issues		92
4.1 Hearing Structure		92
4.2 Key Procedural Issues		92
4.3 Third-Party Access to Documents		93
4.4 Pending Procedural Issues		93
4.5 Influence of Prior Local Practice on Procedural Issues		93
4.6 Court of Appeal Procedural Jurisprudence		94
5. Economic Issues and Remedies		94
5.1 Case Value and Court Fees		94
5.2 UPC Court Fees Compared to National Courts		94
5.3 Costs Awards		94
5.4 Damages		95
6. The Future of the UPC		95
6.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of the UPC		95
6.2 Future Trends		95
6.3 The Future of National Patent Litigation		95
6.4 Improvements to the UPC		96
1. General Information		101
1.1 Basic Information		101
1.2 UPC Judges		101
1.3 Specific Procedural Issues		101
1.4 Regional Division Competence		101
1.5 Central Division Competence		101
1.6 Court of Appeal: Purpose and Procedure		101
2. Statistical Information		101
2.1 Types of Actions		101
2.2 Substantive Hearings		102
2.3 Case Classification		102
2.4 Time Lines		102
2.5 Interaction Between Central and Local/Regional Divisions		102
3. Substantive Law		102
3.1 Topics Covered		102
3.2 Leading Cases		103
3.3 Pending Cases		103
3.4 Technically Qualified Judges		103
3.5 Influence of Prior Local Practice on Substantive Legal Decisions		103
3.6 Court of Appeal Substantive Jurisprudence		103
4. Procedural Issues		103
4.1 Hearing Structure		103
4.2 Key Procedural Issues		104
4.3 Third-Party Access to Documents		105
4.4 Pending Procedural Issues		105
4.5 Influence of Prior Local Practice on Procedural Issues		105
4.6 Court of Appeal Procedural Jurisprudence		105
5. Economic Issues and Remedies		105
5.1 Case Value and Court Fees		105
5.2 UPC Court Fees Compared to National Courts		105
5.3 Costs Awards		106
5.4 Damages		106
6. The Future of the UPC		106
6.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of the UPC		106
6.2 Future Trends		106
6.3 The Future of National Patent Litigation		107
6.4 Improvements to the UPC		107
1. General Information		111
1.1 Basic Information		111
1.2 UPC Judges		112
1.3 Specific Procedural Issues		113
1.4 Regional Division Competence		113
1.5 Central Division Competence		113
1.6 Court of Appeal: Purpose and Procedure		113
2. Statistical Information		113
2.1 Types of Actions		113
2.2 Substantive Hearings		114
2.3 Case Classification		114
2.4 Time Lines		114
2.5 Interaction Between Central and Local/Regional Divisions		114
3. Substantive Law		114
3.1 Topics Covered		114
3.2 Leading Cases		114
3.3 Pending Cases		114
3.4 Technically Qualified Judges		114
3.5 Influence of Prior Local Practice on Substantive Legal Decisions		114
3.6 Court of Appeal Substantive Jurisprudence		115
4. Procedural Issues		115
4.1 Hearing Structure		115
4.2 Key Procedural Issues		115
4.3 Third-Party Access to Documents		115
4.4 Pending Procedural Issues		115
4.5 Influence of Prior Local Practice on Procedural Issues		115
4.6 Court of Appeal Procedural Jurisprudence		115
5. Economic Issues and Remedies		116
5.1 Case Value and Court Fees		116
5.2 UPC Court Fees Compared to National Courts		116
5.3 Costs Awards		117
5.4 Damages		117
6. The Future of the UPC		117
6.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of the UPC		117
6.2 Future Trends		118
6.3 The Future of National Patent Litigation		118
6.4 Improvements to the UPC		119
1. General Information		124
1.1 Basic Information		124
1.2 UPC Judges		124
1.3 Specific Procedural Issues		125
1.4 Regional Division Competence		125
1.5 Central Division Competence		125
1.6 Court of Appeal: Purpose and Procedure		125
2. Statistical Information		125
2.1 Types of Actions		125
2.2 Substantive Hearings		126
2.3 Case Classification		127
2.4 Time Lines		127
2.5 Interaction Between Central and Local/Regional Divisions		128
3. Substantive Law		128
3.1 Topics Covered		128
3.2 Leading Cases		129
3.3 Pending Cases		129
3.4 Technically Qualified Judges		129
3.5 Influence of Prior Local Practice on Substantive Legal Decisions		130
3.6 Court of Appeal Substantive Jurisprudence		130
4. Procedural Issues		130
4.1 Hearing Structure		130
4.2 Key Procedural Issues		130
4.3 Third-Party Access to Documents		132
4.4 Pending Procedural Issues		132
4.5 Influence of Prior Local Practice on Procedural Issues		132
4.6 Court of Appeal Procedural Jurisprudence		133
5. Economic Issues and Remedies		134
5.1 Case Value and Court Fees		134
5.2 UPC Court Fees Compared to National Courts		134
5.3 Costs Awards		134
5.4 Damages		135
6. The Future of the UPC		135
6.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of the UPC		135
6.2 Future Trends		136
6.3 The Future of National Patent Litigation		137
6.4 Improvements to the UPC		139

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