FRANCE
Belgium
Germany
Paris
France
Switzerland
Law and Practice Contributed by: Samuel Sauphanor, Alexandra Szekely, Timothée de Saint Viance and Benoît Barré Le 16 Law
Italy
Spain
Contents 1. Fraud Claims p.125
1.1 General Characteristics of Fraud Claims p.125 1.2 Causes of Action After Receipt of a Bribe p.125 1.3 Claims Against Parties Who Assist or Facilitate Fraudulent Acts p.126 1.4 Limitation Periods p.126 1.5 Proprietary Claims Against Property p.127 1.6 Rules of Pre-Action Conduct p.128 1.7 Prevention of Defendants Dissipating or Secreting Assets p.128 2. Procedures and Trials p.129 2.1 Disclosure of Defendants’ Assets p.129 2.2 Preserving Evidence p.130 2.3 Obtaining Disclosure of Documents and Evidence From Third Parties p.131
2.4 Procedural Orders p.131 2.5 Criminal Redress p.132
2.6 Judgment Without Trial p.132 2.7 Rules for Pleading Fraud p.133
2.8 Claims Against “Unknown” Fraudsters p.133 2.9 Compelling Witnesses to Give Evidence p.134 3. Corporate Entities, Ultimate Beneficial Owners and Shareholders p.134 3.1 Imposing Liability for Fraud on to a Corporate Entity p.134 3.2 Claims Against Ultimate Beneficial Owners p.135 3.3 Shareholders’ Claims Against Fraudulent Directors p.135 4. Overseas Parties in Fraud Claims p.136 4.1 Joining Overseas Parties to Fraud Claims p.136 4.2 Service of Proceedings out of the Jurisdiction p.136 5. Enforcement p.137 5.1 Methods of Enforcement p.137 5.2 Enforcement of Foreign Judgments p.138 6. Privileges p.138 6.1 Invoking the Privilege Against Self-Incrimination p.138 6.2 Undermining the Privilege Over Communications Exempt From Discovery or Disclosure p.139
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