GREECE Law and Practice Contributed by: Anastasios Virvilios, Evangelia Sgountzou and Eirini Tsalapati, Machas & Partners
and notified by the intervener to the opposing parties. In any kind of intervention, the intervener must demonstrate a legitimate interest. Special forms of intervention are also provided for under: • Article 1 of Law 2479/1997: in proceed - ings before the Supreme Special Court, the Plenary of the Council of State, the Plenary of the Supreme Court or the Plenary of the Court of Audit, which raise the question of whether a provision of a formal law conforms with the Constitution or not, natural or legal persons or associations of persons who have a legitimate interest in the resolution of that question may intervene if the same question is pending before another court or judicial body of the same judicial branch to which they are opposing parties; and • the additional intervention provided for in Arti - cle 1 of Law 3900/2010 (model/pilot proceed - ings), where the intervener is required to be a party to pending proceedings in which the same issue is raised, as determined in the act of the Commission that initiated the proceed - ings under Law 3900/2010. By lawfully intervening, the third party becomes a party to the pending proceedings. In addition to these cases of participation of a third party in pending proceedings, joint legal remedies (concurrence) may be exercised, according to the specific provisions of the law. 7.2 Roles of Additional Parties Third parties in administrative proceedings can be: • the third party opposing (caveator): a third party who is adversely affected by a decision
issued in a court proceeding among others, and who has not filed an intervention, even though they have a legitimate interest in inter - vening, may file a third-party application to have the adverse decision set aside and the case reheard; • third parties involved in the evidentiary proce - dure: the conduct of the evidentiary proceed - ings needs the assistance of third persons, such as witnesses and experts. Their sta - tus as third parties, vis-à-vis the opposing parties, is decisive for the credibility of the respective evidence; and • third parties who, by virtue of their status as third parties, are placed in the position of an original party to the proceedings. These persons are the universal or special succes - sors of natural persons, the administrator of the bankrupt party, the insurer in the event of an insurance substitution and, in the case of legal persons, the corporate scheme resulting from a merger, absorption, conversion, dis - solution or transfer of a legal person. It is also common for another legal person to take the place of the defendant as a result of organi - sational changes in the management or the transfer of the relevant powers. In administrative law, the principle of interro - gation generally applies. The court will take all measures it considers appropriate to establish the truth, including, inter alia, taking evidence on its own initiative and drawing conclusions from it which are not necessarily proposed by the parties. However, the principle of interrogation is linked to the principle of the free disposal of the subject 8. Evidence 8.1 Disclosure/Discovery
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