Public and Administrative Law 2025

PORTUGAL CONTENTS

9. Time Limits and Preliminary Steps p.195 9.1 Preliminary Requirements p.195 9.2 Exhausting Internal Appeals p.195 9.3 Time Limits p.195 9.4 Evidence Required to Initiate a Claim p.196 9.5 Procedural Stages p.196 9.6 Initial Sifting Process p.196 9.7 Expedited Proceedings p.196 10. Grounds p.197 10.1 Scope of Judicial Review: Merits v Process p.197 10.2 Constitutional Challenge p.197 10.3 Procedural Errors p.198 10.4 Factual Errors p.198 10.5 Abdication or Fettering of Discretion p.198 10.6 Bias p.198 10.7 Unequal Treatment p.199

10.8 Human Rights p.199 10.9 Proportionality p.199

10.10 Additional Grounds p.199 10.11 Exempt Decisions p.200 11. Defence p.200 11.1 Timing and Grounds of Defence p.200 12. Interim Relief p.200 12.1 Common Forms of Interim Relief p.200

13. Remedies p.201 13.1 Damages p.201 13.2 Invalidating Legislation p.201

13.3 Mandating Government Action Through Court Orders p.201 13.4 Next Steps Where a Decision Is Found Unlawful p.202 14. Costs p.202 14.1 Mechanisms to Protect Claimants From Excessive Costs p.202 14.2 Public Interest Costs p.203 14.3 Wasted Costs p.203 15. Appeals p.203

15.1 Right to Appeal p.203 15.2 Appeal Forums p.204

15.3 Permission to Appeal p.204 15.4 Rehearing of Appeal? p.204

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