NORWAY Law and Practice Contributed by: Kari Gimmingsrud, Stian Hultin Oddbjørnsen and Andreas Bernt, Haavind
levels and pricing to ensure competitive terms. Leverage of volume and commitment is advis - able, where long-term business or large volumes will give more favourable terms. In more com - plex projects, it should be possible to negotiate cost-sharing arrangements for infrastructure and maintenance to optimise expenses. Companies should ensure that systems and networks are compatible in order to facilitate seamless interconnection, and should under - stand the integration possibilities and challeng - es. Companies must adhere to national and EU regulations governing interconnection, including any obligations for non-discriminatory access. Companies should also establish clear quality of service standards and KPIs to maintain network performance and customer satisfaction. 8. Trust Services and Digital Entities 8.1 Trust Services and Electronic Signatures/Digital Identity Schemes As part of the EEA, Norway has implemented Regulation (EU) 910/2014 (eIDAS) through the Norwegian Electronic Trust Services Act. Electronic signatures and electronic ID confir - mation and signatures are commonly used in Norway, in both the public and private sectors. Most governmental online platforms require logins with an electronic ID, including access - ing tax statements, any social aid, communica - tion with the courts and student loans. Private corporations like banks, insurance companies, real estate agencies, unions and the Norwegian postal and freight services also prefer and rely on electronic ID confirmation and signatures. Payment confirmation through electronic signa - tures is also frequently used in online retail.
The largest provider of electronic signatures and identification in Norway is BankID, which is jointly owned and developed by Norwegian banks and is the leading identity service provider across the market in Norway. Other examples of providers with a foothold in the Norwegian market include Buypass and Signicat. In the last few years, liability and responsibility for loss after fraud using electronic identification and signatures has been litigated in Norwegian courts. Recent principal judgments have con - cluded that the electronic identification and sig - nature providers carry a larger part of the liability than previously assumed. Consequently, the new Norwegian Financial Contracts Act was adopted in 2020, with effect from 1 January 2023. The purpose of the new act is to strengthen con - sumer protection, with more responsibility being placed on the banks and financial institutions in cases of BankID fraud. The deductible has also been significantly reduced in favour of the consumer. Amendments to the eIDAS Regulation will most likely be incorporated into the EEA Agreement, which would prompt an amendment to the exist - ing Norwegian legislation.
9. Gaming Industry 9.1 Regulations Main Relevant Legislation
The computer gaming industry is not subject to any sector-specific legislation in Norway, with the industry and its offering to consumers being mainly regulated by non-sector-specific regula - tion. However, the gaming industry is not unreg - ulated, as there are several aspects of computer gaming that are regulated by law.
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