TMT 2025

EGYPT Law and Practice Contributed by: Ibrahim Shehata, Hesham Kamel, Hana ElBarbary and Dima Mazen, Shehata & Partners

address protections of a person’s likeness or moral rights in relation to deepfake technolo - gies. Similarly, there are no specific regulations concerning AI applications in transport, such as self-driving cars, commercial drones, or drone delivery services. As AI continues to advance, it is anticipated that legal provisions will evolve to address these emerging challenges and ensure comprehensive governance. 4. Internet of Things 4.1 Machine-to-Machine Communications, Communications Secrecy and Data Protection Vision 2030 and Smart Cities In line with its Vision 2030, which includes establishing smart cities like the New Adminis - trative Capital, Egypt has focused on the inter - net of things (IoT) services. In January 2022, the NTRA issued the first regulatory framework for IoT, advancing its growth and addressing related challenges. IoT Definition and Framework IoT involves using technical means for automatic communication between objects to exchange, analyse and process data. It includes devices and systems connected for data collection and sharing. The NTRA framework classifies IoT into five categories: • consumer IoT apps – wearable devices and smart home systems; • commercial IoT apps – intelligent transporta - tion systems (ITS), surveillance and vehicle- to-vehicle (V2V) connections; • industrial IoT apps – digital industrial control systems, smart agriculture and industrial monitoring;

• infrastructure IoT apps – smart city applica - tions for monitoring environmental factors and managing resources; and • government IoT services – applications for healthcare and public utilities (water, electric - ity, gas, transportation and education). Data Protection IoT relies on data collection, exchange, analy - sis and processing (ie, data handling). Provid - ers must implement measures to protect user data confidentiality per the NTRA IoT framework, which is subject to the Telecommunications Law and Data Protection Law. These laws ensure that data collected for IoT is protected (see “Legal Framework” in 1.1 Key Challenges ). Cybercrimes Law The Cybercrimes Law addresses IoT-related offences, including violations of data confiden - tiality, integrity and availability, as well as privacy infringements (see “Legal Framework” in 1.1 Key Challenges ). Machine-to-Machine Communications Machine-to-machine (M2M) communications involve connecting devices and transferring data between them, either wired or wirelessly. M2M applications are part of IoT services and are used by mobile phone providers and various companies through mobile networks or private networks (see “Legal Framework” in 1.1 Key Challenges ). 4.2 Compliance and Governance See 4.1 Machine-to-Machine Communications, Communications Secrecy and Data Protection . 4.3 Data Sharing See “Legal Framework” in 1.1 Key Challenges .

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