Blockchain and Crypto-Assets 2026

ITALY

Switzerland

Slovenia

Croatia

France

Bosnia

Italy

Rome

Albania

Law and Practice Contributed by: Francesco Paolo Patti and Marta Vittoria Colombo Studio Patti

Contents 1. Overview of Blockchain and Crypto-Assets p.335 1.1 Blockchain p.335 1.2 Crypto-Assets p.339 2. Regulation p.342 2.1 Regulators and International Alignment p.342 2.2 Crypto-Asset Regulatory Frameworks p.342 2.3 Regulated Firms and Legal Wrappers p.344 2.4 Token Issuance p.344 2.5 Market Abuse p.344 2.6 Non-Compliance p.345 3. Licensing and Set-Up Requirements p.346

3.1 Licensing Requirements p.346 3.2 Set-Up Requirements p.346 3.3 Change of Control p.346 3.4 Passporting p.347 4. Cross-Border Services p.347 4.1 Marketing p.347 4.2 White Labelling p.348 5. Decentralised Finance p.348 5.1 Ability to Use DeFi p.348 5.2 DeFi Structures p.348 5.3 Liability p.349 6. Payments and Stablecoins p.349

6.1 Payments p.349 6.2 Stablecoins p.349 7. Tokenisation and Real-World Assets p.350 7.1 Treatment p.350

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