Blockchain and Crypto-Assets 2026

NEW ZEALAND

North Island

Auckland

New Zealand

Wellington

Law and Practice Contributed by: James Cochrane, Andrew Comer, Carlo Wan and Graeme Crombie Lane Neave

South Island

Contents 1. Overview of Blockchain and Crypto-Assets p.411 1.1 Blockchain p.411 1.2 Crypto-Assets p.417 2. Regulation p.419 2.1 Regulators and International Alignment p.419 2.2 Crypto-Asset Regulatory Frameworks p.420 2.3 Regulated Firms and Legal Wrappers p.421 2.4 Token Issuance p.422 2.5 Market Abuse p.422 2.6 Non-Compliance p.422 3. Licensing and Set-Up Requirements p.423

3.1 Licensing Requirements p.423 3.2 Set-Up Requirements p.423 3.3 Change of Control p.423 3.4 Passporting p.423 4. Cross-Border Services p.423 4.1 Marketing p.423 4.2 White Labelling p.425 5. Decentralised Finance p.425 5.1 Ability to Use DeFi p.425 5.2 DeFi Structures p.426 5.3 Liability p.426 6. Payments and Stablecoins p.427

6.1 Payments p.427 6.2 Stablecoins p.427 7. Tokenisation and Real-World Assets p.428 7.1 Treatment p.428

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