Blockchain and Crypto-Assets 2026

POLAND

Lithuania

Poland

Belarus

Warsaw

Law and Practice Contributed by: Michał Wołoszański, Łukasz Kudela and Marta Solarska-Kaleńczuk Wołoszański & Partners

Ukraine

Czech Republic

Slovakia

Contents 1. Overview of Blockchain and Crypto-Assets p.482 1.1 Blockchain p.482 1.2 Crypto-Assets p.484 2. Regulation p.486 2.1 Regulators and International Alignment p.486 2.2 Crypto-Asset Regulatory Frameworks p.487 2.3 Regulated Firms and Legal Wrappers p.487 2.4 Token Issuance p.488 2.5 Market Abuse p.489 2.6 Non-Compliance p.489 3. Licensing and Set-Up Requirements p.490

3.1 Licensing Requirements p.490 3.2 Set-Up Requirements p.491 3.3 Change of Control p.492 3.4 Passporting p.492 4. Cross-Border Services p.493 4.1 Marketing p.493 4.2 White Labelling p.493 5. Decentralised Finance p.493 5.1 Ability to Use DeFi p.493 5.2 DeFi Structures p.494 5.3 Liability p.494 6. Payments and Stablecoins p.495

6.1 Payments p.495 6.2 Stablecoins p.495 7. Tokenisation and Real-World Assets p.497 7.1 Treatment p.497

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