i Table of contents 173

Digital Healthcare 2025

Definitive global law guides offering comparative analysis from top-ranked lawyers

INTRODUCTION		5
Contributed by Sarah-Jane Dobson and Katrin Weixlgartner, Ashurst		5
BELGIUM		12
Trends and Developments		12
Contributed by Van Bael & Bellis		12
CHINA		22
Law and Practice		22
Contributed by Global Law Office		22
Trends and Developments		38
Contributed by Jingtian & Gongcheng		38
FRANCE		46
Trends and Developments		46
Contributed by Alchimie Avocats		46
ISRAEL		54
Law and Practice		54
Contributed by Gilat, Bareket & Co., Reinhold Cohn Group		54
JAPAN		66
Trends and Developments		66
Contributed by TMI Associates		66
MEXICO		76
Law and Practice		76
Contributed by Galicia Abogados, SC		76
Trends and Developments		89
Contributed by Galicia Abogados, SC		89
SOUTH KOREA		97
Law and Practice		97
Contributed by Kim & Chang		97
UK		118
Law and Practice		118
Contributed by CMS		118
Trends and Developments		139
Contributed by CMS		139
USA		147
Law and Practice		147
Contributed by Jones Walker LLP		147
Trends and Developments		165
Contributed by Jones Walker LLP		165
1. Digital Healthcare Usage		25
1.1 Types of Digital Healthcare		25
1.2 Use/Application of Digital Healthcare		25
1.3 Benefits of Digital Healthcare		26
2. Legal Framework		26
2.1 Definition of Digital Healthcare		26
2.2 Laws and Regulations		26
2.3 Role of Policymakers		27
2.4 Technical Standards		29
2.5 Issue-Specific Legal Framework		29
2.6 Sufficiency of Legislative Framework		29
3. Regulatory Oversight		29
3.1 Oversight of Digital Healthcare		29
3.2 Non-Healthcare Regulatory Bodies		30
3.3 Enforcement		31
3.4 Sufficiency of Oversight		31
4. Liability		31
4.1 Legal Risks of Digital Healthcare		31
4.2 Liability Frameworks		32
4.3 Defences		33
5. Emerging Legal Issues and Reform		33
5.1 Emerging Legal Issues in Digital Healthcare		33
5.2 Recent or Imminent Reform		35
1. Digital Healthcare Usage		56
1.1 Types of Digital Healthcare		56
1.2 Use/Application of Digital Healthcare		57
1.3 Benefits of Digital Healthcare		58
2. Legal Framework		59
2.1 Definition of Digital Healthcare		59
2.2 Laws and Regulations		59
2.3 Role of Policymakers		60
2.4 Technical Standards		60
2.5 Issue-Specific Legal Framework		60
2.6 Sufficiency of Legislative Framework		61
3. Regulatory Oversight		62
3.1 Oversight of Digital Healthcare		62
3.2 Non-Healthcare Regulatory Bodies		62
3.3 Enforcement		62
3.4 Sufficiency of Oversight		63
4. Liability		63
4.1 Legal Risks of Digital Healthcare		63
4.2 Liability Frameworks		63
4.3 Defences		64
5. Emerging Legal Issues and Reform		64
5.1 Emerging Legal Issues in Digital Healthcare		64
5.2 Recent or Imminent Reform		64
1. Digital Healthcare Usage		79
1.1 Types of Digital Healthcare		79
1.2 Use/Application of Digital Healthcare		79
1.3 Benefits of Digital Healthcare		80
2. Legal Framework		80
2.1 Definition of Digital Healthcare		80
2.2 Laws and Regulations		81
2.3 Role of Policymakers		81
2.4 Technical Standards		81
2.5 Issue-Specific Legal Framework		82
2.6 Sufficiency of Legislative Framework		83
3. Regulatory Oversight		83
3.1 Oversight of Digital Healthcare		83
3.2 Non-Healthcare Regulatory Bodies		83
3.3 Enforcement		84
3.4 Sufficiency of Oversight		84
4. Liability		85
4.1 Legal Risks of Digital Healthcare		85
4.2 Liability Frameworks		85
4.3 Defences		86
5. Emerging Legal Issues and Reform		87
5.1 Emerging Legal Issues in Digital Healthcare		87
5.2 Recent or Imminent Reform		87
1. Digital Healthcare Usage		100
1.1 Types of Digital Healthcare		100
1.2 Use/Application of Digital Healthcare		101
1.3 Benefits of Digital Healthcare		103
2. Legal Framework		104
2.1 Definition of Digital Healthcare		104
2.2 Laws and Regulations		104
2.3 Role of Policymakers		106
2.4 Technical Standards		107
2.5 Issue-Specific Legal Framework		107
2.6 Sufficiency of Legislative Framework		111
3. Regulatory Oversight		112
3.1 Oversight of Digital Healthcare		112
3.2 Non-Healthcare Regulatory Bodies		113
3.3 Enforcement		113
3.4 Sufficiency of Oversight		114
4. Liability		114
4.1 Legal Risks of Digital Healthcare		114
4.2 Liability Frameworks		115
4.3 Defences		115
5. Emerging Legal Issues and Reform		116
5.1 Emerging Legal Issues in Digital Healthcare		116
5.2 Recent or Imminent Reform		116
1. Digital Healthcare Usage		121
1.1 Types of Digital Healthcare		121
1.2 Use/Application of Digital Healthcare		122
1.3 Benefits of Digital Healthcare		123
2. Legal Framework		124
2.1 Definition of Digital Healthcare		124
2.2 Laws and Regulations		125
2.3 Role of Policymakers		128
2.4 Technical Standards		128
2.5 Issue-Specific Legal Framework		129
2.6 Sufficiency of Legislative Framework		131
3. Regulatory Oversight		132
3.1 Oversight of Digital Healthcare		132
3.2 Non-Healthcare Regulatory Bodies		133
3.3 Enforcement		134
3.4 Sufficiency of Oversight		135
4. Liability		135
4.1 Legal Risks of Digital Healthcare		135
4.2 Liability Frameworks		135
4.3 Defences		136
5. Emerging Legal Issues and Reform		137
5.1 Emerging Legal Issues in Digital Healthcare		137
5.2 Recent or Imminent Reform		137
1. Digital Healthcare Usage		150
1.1 Types of Digital Healthcare		150
1.2 Use/Application of Digital Healthcare		150
1.3 Benefits of Digital Healthcare		151
2. Legal Framework		152
2.1 Definition of Digital Healthcare		152
2.2 Laws and Regulations		152
2.3 Role of Policymakers		153
2.4 Technical Standards		154
2.5 Issue-Specific Legal Framework		154
2.6 Sufficiency of Legislative Framework		155
3. Regulatory Oversight		156
3.1 Oversight of Digital Healthcare		156
3.2 Non-Healthcare Regulatory Bodies		157
3.3 Enforcement		158
3.4 Sufficiency of Oversight		158
4. Liability		159
4.1 Legal Risks of Digital Healthcare		159
4.2 Liability Frameworks		160
4.3 Defences		161
5. Emerging Legal Issues and Reform		162
5.1 Emerging Legal Issues in Digital Healthcare		162
5.2 Recent or Imminent Reform		163

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