NORWAY Law and Practice Contributed by: Camilla Vislie, Magnus Hauge Greaker, Julie Rasmussen Solli and Amalie Hauge Pedersen, Advokatfirmaet Thommessen AS
3.4 Copyright Rights The rights granted to copyright owners are stip - ulated in Section 3 of the Copyright Act. The provision grants copyright owners an exclusive right to produce permanent and temporary cop - ies of the work in all forms and to make the work available to the public, where the latter implies: • offering the work for sale or otherwise distrib - uting it to the public; • publicly displaying copies of the work without the use of technical aids; • publicly performing the work; or • transmitting the work, wired or wireless, to the public. The exclusive rights apply to the work both in its original and altered form, as well as translations and adaptations in the same or a different for - mat. Further, all rights granted to copyright own - ers persist throughout the term of a copyright. The following moral rights are recognised in Nor - wegian copyright law: • right of attribution; • right of integrity; • right to be notified before destruction of the original copy of the work, where reasonable; and • right to access the original copy of the work, where reasonable. 3.5 Term of Protection and Termination Copyright protection lasts for the author’s life - time and 70 years after the end of: • the author’s year of death for works with a single author; • the year of death of the longest-living co- author for joint works;
• The work must express an original and individual creative effort. This means that the work needs to reflect the personality of its author, as an expression of their free and creative choices. • The work must be identifiable with sufficient precision and objectivity, although not neces - sarily in permanent form. 3.3 Copyright Authorship According to Section 2 of the Copyright Act, the one who creates the work is defined as the author. The author must be one or more physical per - sons. Works created by artificial intelligence are not subject to copyright, but works created merely with the help of artificial intelligence, can qualify for copyright protection, provided that they fulfil the criterion of originality. Copyright for a work can be licensed or trans - ferred from the author to another party, includ - ing legal entities. For employees, there is a pre - sumption that copyrights are transferred to their employer, but only if and to the extent that the transfer is fair and necessary to fulfil the purpose of the employment contract. Joint authorship arises when several persons, through co-operation, have each given an origi - nal contribution to the work, provided that each person’s contribution cannot be separated as independent works. For the first publication of the work, consent from all authors is required unless they have explicitly or implicitly consent - ed in advance. The same applies to the publica - tion of the work in a different manner or form than before. However, each author can demand or give consent for a new publication in the same manner.
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