Trade Marks & Copyright 2025

TÜRKIYE Law and Practice Contributed by:

Russia

Black Sea

Bulgaria

Georgia

Ankara

Türkiye

Syria

Iraq

Cyprus

Korcan Dericioğlu, Gonca Adalı Başmakcı, Ekin Karakuş Öcal and Önder Erol Ünsal Ankara Patent

Contents 1. Trade Mark and Copyright Law p.661 1.1 Governing Law p.661

1.2 Conventions and Treaties/Rights of Foreign IP Holders p.661 2. Trade Mark Ownership, Protection and Rights p.661 2.1 Types of Trade Marks p.661 2.2 Essential Elements of Trade Mark Protection p.662 2.3 Trade Mark Rights p.662 2.4 Use in Commerce p.663 2.5 Notices and Symbols p.663 2.6 Related Rights p.663 3. Copyright Ownership, Protection and Rights p.663 3.1 Types of Copyrightable Works p.663 3.2 Essential Elements of Copyright Protection p.663 3.3 Copyright Authorship p.663 3.4 Copyright Rights p.664 3.5 Term of Protection and Termination p.664 3.6 Collective Rights Management Systems p.664 3.7 Copyright Registration p.664 3.8 Copyright Application Requirements p.665 3.9 Refusal of Registration p.665 3.10 Related Rights p.665 4. Trade Mark Registrations and Applications p.665 4.1 Trade Mark Registration p.665

4.2 Trade Mark Register p.665 4.3 Term of Registration p.666 4.4 Application Requirements p.666

4.5 Use in Commerce Prior to Registration p.667 4.6 Consideration of Prior Rights in Registration p.667 4.7 Revocation, Change, Amendment or Correction of an Application p.667

4.8 Dividing a Trade Mark Application p.667 4.9 Incorrect Information in an Application p.667

4.10 Refusal of Registration p.667 4.11 The Madrid System p.668

656 CHAMBERS.COM

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